- Population Council's International Committee for Contraception Research (ICCR) formed with $5 million from Ford and Rockefeller foundations
- Clifford A. Pease, Jr. becomes director of the Technical Assistance Division
- John D. Rockefeller 3rd appointed to chair the US Commission on Population Growth and the American Future
- Biomedical Division designated a Population Research Center of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- First trustees from countries other than the United States join Population Council in early 1970s: David Hopper, U Thant, Salvador Zubirán
- In the early 1970s, Population Council launches maternal and child health care and family planning programs in rural areas of Indonesia, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Turkey with support from the World Bank and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA)
- Paul Demeny becomes director of the Demographic Division and a Population Council vice president
- Work begins in Bangladesh and the Dominican Republic
- Publication of Induced Abortion: A World Review, by Christopher Tietze
- World population: 4 billion
- World Population Conference in Bucharest is the first international conference on population attended by government representatives
- George Zeidenstein becomes fifth president
- Eight of 18 trustees are from countries other than the United States
- Regional offices established in Cairo for West Asia and North Africa; in Bangkok (later moved to New Delhi) for South and East Asia; in Nairobi for sub-Saharan Africa; and in Mexico City for Latin America and the Caribbean
- Population Council divisions restructured into Center for Biomedical Research, Center for Policy Studies (later Policy Research Division), and International Programs Division
- US Food and Drug Administration approves the Council's Copper T200 IUD, the first-ever New Drug Application sponsored by a nonprofit research organization
- Council's annual budget: $11 million
- Staff of 180
- George F. Brown becomes director of the International Programs Division and a Population Council vice president
- Program on roles and status of women (later Gender, Family, and Development) launched
- Council works briefly in Cuba
- Council provides technical support for the Population Studies and Research Center at the University of Nairobi in Kenya
- Robert H. Ebert becomes chairman of the board
- John D. Rockefeller 3rd dies; memorial fund established in his name
- C. Wayne Bardin becomes director of the Center for Biomedical Research and a Population Council vice president
- Council demographer John Bongaarts develops a framework for analyzing the proximate determinants of fertility
- Middle East Research Awards (MEAwards) established
- Social science fellowships named in honor of the late Bernard Berelson
- Mellon Foundation provides $2.65 million for fellowships and research in reproductive physiology and social science
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