- Population Council begins maternal and child health work with International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) in Matlab
- Infant feeding practices studies launched in Colombia, Indonesia, Kenya, and Thailand
- Operations research—the application of systematic research techniques to improve service delivery and influence related policies—begins in Asia
- Population Council helps train staff at the newly formed China Population Information Center in Beijing
- Council assists Sahel Institute in Bamako, Mali, to improve research capacity in demographic analysis
- Publication of Handbook for Family Planning Operations Research Design, by Andrew Fisher et al.
- Norplant levonorgestrel implants approved in Finland
- The Hewlett Foundation helps support the international introduction of Norplant subdermal contraceptive with a $1 million grant
- The Population Council's Copper T 380A, now known as ParaGard, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration
- Latin America and the Caribbean Operations Research (INOPAL) program begins
- United Nations International Conference on Population held in Mexico City
- Population Council expands collaborative research efforts in Africa, including Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
- Council publishes critical analysis of China's one-child family planning policy and offers alternatives
- Population Council launches program to improve the quality of care of national family planning programs
- Center for Biomedical Research begins work on HIV/AIDS
- World population: 5 billion
- With the International Planned Parenthood Federation, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization, UNFPA, and others, the Population Council sponsors international conference on Better Health for Women and Children through Family Planning
- Safe Motherhood initiative launched
- In Latin America, Council evaluates AIDS education and prevention programs
- McGeorge Bundy becomes chairman of the board
- Population Council establishes a regional office in Dakar, Senegal for West and Central Africa
- Africa Operations Research and Technical Assistance program begins, funded by USAID
- Major funding from the MacArthur Foundation helps establish the Robert H. Ebert Program on Critical Issues in Reproductive Health and Population
- John Bongaarts becomes director of the Policy Research Division and a Population Council vice president
- Publication of "Fundamental elements of the quality of care: A simple framework," by Judith Bruce
- In the 1980s, Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden provide financial support to the Council
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