Overview
Population Council research in Ethiopia has guided national policies to meet the needs of the most vulnerable young people, married adolescents, and those aged 10–14. Our programs have reduced the rates of child marriage and increased school enrollment among girls. |
The Population Council has worked in Ethiopia since 1993 when it assisted with the introduction of Norplant® contraceptive implants into the national family planning program. In the early 2000s, research results from surveys the Council conducted in slum areas of Addis Ababa and rural Amhara Region to broaden knowledge about Ethiopian adolescents were used to design programs to support married adolescent girls, urban slum-dwelling adolescents, and men and boys. In 2007, the Council opened an office in Addis Ababa.
With a population of over 87 million, Ethiopia is sub-Saharan Africa’s second largest country. Eighty-five percent of the country's people reside in rural areas and, despite accelerating economic development, almost 40 percent live below the poverty line. Ethiopia's total fertility rate is 4.8, and family planning practice is very limited, especially in rural areas. Almost half of girls in Ethiopia aged 20–24 are married by the time they are 18 years old, and the median age at marriage is 16. Many young brides are at risk of early and risky pregnancies, coerced sex and acquiring HIV. The HIV epidemic, currently concentrated in urban areas, threatens to spread to rural areas, where health infrastructure is weak or nonexistent.
Program focus
In Ethiopia, the Council works with
- Vulnerable adolescent girls, mobilizing marginal and hard-to-reach girls in urban slums, including child domestic workers and those married very early in rural areas;
- Boys and men, educating and engaging husbands on HIV prevention, family planning, gender violence, alcohol and drug abuse, and domestic responsibilities; and
- Faith-based organizations, helping to prevent HIV and improve reproductive health through a program undertaken with the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC) and the Ethiopian Muslim Development Agency.
Mobilizing girls in urban slums. Girls who migrate from rural to urban areas to find work in Ethiopia may be vulnerable to violence and sexual abuse and not well equipped to avoid these abusive situations—which may increase their HIV risk. Biruh Tesfa ("Bright Future") is a Population Council program that assists out-of-school girls ages 7–24 years old in slum areas of 18 cities of Ethiopia, many of whom are working as domestics. The initiative creates safe spaces through which out-of-school girls can build support networks with other girls and relationships with supportive adults. The program trains female mentors who lead girls' clubs that provide literacy, life, and livelihood skills, and education about HIV and reproductive health.
Addressing child marriage. Rates of child marriage in Ethiopia are among the highest in the world. In the northern Amhara region, nearly 50 percent of girls are married by their 15th birthday, and 80 percent are married by age 18. Two Population Council programs reach out to these girls. Meserete Hiwot ("Base of Life") uses community-based mentoring sessions to address married girls’ social isolation and build their knowledge and skills regarding HIV and reproductive health. Berhane Hewan ("Light for Eve") helps unmarried girls and communities to avoid early marriage through promotion of schooling and girls groups. The project Building an Evidence Base to Delay Marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa works in the Amhara region to develop and test the most effective interventions to help communities delay marriage. This project also operates in child marriage hotspots of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Engaging male partners. Historically, Ethiopian men have been excluded from initiatives related to reproductive health, family planning, parenthood, and sexuality. To address the need for such information among Ethiopian men, the Council offers Addis Birhan ("New Light"), a project that provides men in 18 districts with a "safe space" in which to discuss issues previously considered off limits in this traditional society, including HIV testing and counseling, caring for children and families, drug and alcohol use, and violence. Trained male mentors organize meetings with groups of married men on a weekly basis for a period of three to four months. The sessions last no longer than two hours and are held in casual settings that allow men to express their feelings in a nonjudgmental environment.
Working with faith-based groups. Religion is a powerful force in Ethiopia, and religious leaders have considerable influence within communities. Approximately half of the country’s population is Orthodox Christian, making the EOC the largest religious denomination in the country. The Council helped create a "Developmental Bible" that incorporates information about HIV and AIDS, reproductive health, and gender equity into the daily teachings of the EOC. This project has the potential to encourage individuals and communities to abandon harmful practices and adopt healthy lifestyles.
Read more about these and other Council projects in Ethiopia by clicking on the Featured projects tab above.
Program and policy impact
- Generated data on young people that have been instrumental in reorienting the National Adolescent Reproductive Health Policy, including an expanded national policy to meet the needs of the most vulnerable young people, married adolescents, and those aged 10–14.
- Produced significant delays in marriage and increases in school enrollment among girls aged 10–14.
- Scaled up Biruh Tesfa in 18 cities of Ethiopia. The program has been highlighted by USAID-PEPFAR as a "best practice," featured on American Idol, and visited by numerous high-level delegations.
- Completed youth and gender surveys of nearly 20,000 respondents, including adolescents aged 12–24 and women aged 25–49, that have served as the baseline for UNFPA's 6th Country Program.
Photos by Zeleman Productions.
Featured projects
Addis Birhan: Fostering Husbands’ Involvement and Support in Amhara Region, Ethiopia |
Berhane Hewan: Supporting Married and Unmarried Girls in Rural Ethiopia |
Biruh Tesfa: Safe Spaces for Out-of-school Girls in Urban Slum Areas of Ethiopia |
Ethiopia "Brain Trust": Building Best Practices for Rural Girls’ Programming |
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Building an Evidence Base to Delay Marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa |
Kalkidan ("Keeping the Promise"): Addressing Marital Transmission of HIV in Ethiopia |
Ethiopia Youth and Gender Survey |
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Other work
The following projects are not major components of the Council’s Ethiopia portfolio; however, they illustrate the breadth of the Council’s research and programs in the country and region.
Addressing the Balance of Burden in AIDS (ABBA) (more)
The ABBA Research Programme Consortium is a multi-country research project in sub-Saharan Africa that explores the social context around prevention, treatment, care, and mitigation of the effects of HIV and AIDS in vulnerable populations.
(6/2006 - ongoing)
HIV care, support, and treatment; Vulnerable populations
ECafrique
The African Forum on Emergency Contraception, or ECafrique, is a bilingual, international network of health care and business professionals that seeks to increase the availability of high-quality emergency contraception (EC) services in Africa.
(1/2002 - ongoing)
Access to contraceptive methods
Task-sharing between Community Health Workers and Community Mid-level Professionals: Increasing Access to FP and RH Services (more)
With the aim of improving access to family planning and reproductive health services in rural areas, the Council is conducting research to investigate how different cadres of health workers function in relation to each other in five priority countries: Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, and Pakistan.
(10/2010 - 10/2015)
Family planning services; Strengthening health systems
Developing a Multisectoral and Comprehensive Response to Sexual and Gender-based Violence in East and Southern Africa (more)
The Council is working to alleviate sexual and gender-based violence in seven sub-Saharan African countries.
(8/2006 - 12/2012)
Sexual and gender-based violence
Demographic Data for Development
The first phase of the Demographic Data for Development project consisted of case studies in Ethiopia, Ghana, Senegal, and Uganda to examine accessibility, use, and demand for demographic data. In the second phase of the project, the Council and its partners are working to increase data access and use among journalists and members of the media in Ghana, Senegal, and Namibia.
(8/2008 - 7/2011)
Population policy and demographic analysis
Africa Regional Sexual and Gender-based Violence Network (more)
The Population Council is providing technical assistance to a PEPFAR initiative to strengthen the delivery of comprehensive services, including postexposure prophylaxis, to victims of sexual violence.
(8/2006 - 12/2008)
Integrating health services; Sexual and gender-based violence
Resources
Featured publications
Population Council in Ethiopia (PDFs: A4 and letter)
Country profile
Publication date: 2013
De la recherche à la conception programmatique et à la mise en oeuvre : Programmation à l’intention des filles des milieux ruraux d’Éthiopie—Boîte à outils du praticien (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.
Publication date: 2012
Dessalegn,Banchiamlack; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Program brief
Publication date: 2013
Early marriage, marital relations and intimate partner violence in Ethiopia (abstract) (HTML)
Erulkar,Annabel S.
International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 39(1): 6-13
Publication date: 2013
Addis Birhan Wendoch ('New Light Boys'): Working with boys and young men to create healthier futures (PDF)
Girma,Woldemariam; Rubino,Diane; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ambelu,Worku; Kerie,Ayenechew
Program brief
Publication date: 2012
Berhane Hewan ('Light for Eve'): Increasing opportunities to delay marriage and promote schooling (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Muthengi,Eunice
Policy brief
Publication date: 2012
De la recherche à la conception programmatique et à la mise en oeuvre : Programmation à l'intention des filles des milieux ruraux d'Éthiopie--Boîte à outils du praticien (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.
Publication date: 2012
Evaluation of 'Biruh Tesfa' (Bright Future) program for vulnerable girls in Ethiopia (abstract) (HTML)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw; Girma,Woldemariam; Ambelu,Worku
Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies Published online ahead of print, 2 November
Publication date: 2012
Rape sentencing study: A review of statutory sentencing provisions for rape, defilement, and sexual assault in East, Central, and Southern Africa (PDF)
Thompson,Jill; Simmonds,Felly Nkweto
Publication date: 2012
The cost of reaching the most disadvantaged girls: Programmatic evidence from Egypt, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda (PDF)
Sewall-Menon,Jessica; Bruce,Judith; Austrian,Karen; Brown,Raven; Catino,Jennifer; Colom,Alejandra; Del Valle,Angel; Demele,Habtamu; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Hallman,Kelly; Roca,Eva; Zibani,Nadia
Technical report
Publication date: 2012
Addis Birhan project: Working with boys and men to address young girls' social vulnerability (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Apicella,Louis; Ferede,Abebaw
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 6)
Publication date: 2011
Biruh Tesfa procure aux employées domestiques, aux orphelines et aux immigrantes des zones urbaines éthiopiennes une assistance sociale, une formation sur le VIH ainsi qu'un programme de développement des compétences (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Semunegus,Belaynesh; Mekonnen,Gebeyehu
Promouvoir la santé, la sécurité et la productivité transitions vers l'âge adulte document (no. 21)
Publication date: 2011
Biruh Tesfa provides domestic workers, orphans, and migrants in urban Ethiopia with social support, HIV education, and skills (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Semunegus,Belaynesh; Mekonnen,Gebeyehu
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 21)
Publication date: 2011
Biruh Tesfa ('Bright Future') program provides domestic workers, orphans and migrants in urban Ethiopia with social support, HIV education and skills (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Gebru,Herma; Mekonnen,Gebeyehu
Program brief
Publication date: 2011
Comprehensive responses to sexual violence in East and Southern Africa: Lessons learned from implementation (PDF)
Keesbury,Jill; Askew,Ian; Wanjiru,Monica; Chiyaba,Grace; Wilson,Kate; Simmonds,Felly Nkweto
Policy Brief
Publication date: 2011
Delaying early marriage among disadvantaged rural girls in Amhara, Ethiopia, through social support, education, and community awareness (PDF)
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 20)
Publication date: 2011
Evaluation of the Institute of International Education's (IIE's) women's leadership program in Ethiopia
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Gebru,Herma; Ambelu,Worku
Publication date: 2011
From research, to program design, to implementation: Programming for rural girls in Ethiopia--A toolkit for practitioners (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.
Publication date: 2011
Increasing access to family planning (FP) and reproductive health (RH) services through task-sharing between community health workers (CHWs) and community mid-level professionals in large-scale public-sector programs: A literature review to help guide case studies (PDF)
Foreit,James R.; Raifman,Sarah
Publication date: 2011
National surveys provide insights into lives of adolescents in Egypt and Ethiopia (PDF)
Population Briefs 17(2)
Publication date: 2011
Provider determinants of emergency contraceptive counseling and provision in Kenya and Ethiopia (abstract) (HTML)
Judge,Shana; Peterman,Amber; Keesbury,Jill
Contraception 83(5): 486-490
Publication date: 2011
Provider-related barriers to accessing emergency contraception in developing countries: A literature review (PDF)
Williams,Katherine
Publication date: 2011
Retarder le mariage précoce chez les filles défavorisées en milieu rural dans la région Amhara, en Éthiopie, grâce au soutien social, à l'éducation et à la sensibilisation des communautés (PDF)
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Promouvoir la santé, la sécurité et la productivité transitions vers l'âge adulte Bulletin (N 20)
Publication date: 2011
The prevention and management of HIV and sexual and gender-based violence: Responding to the needs of survivors and those-at-risk (PDF)
Raifman,Sarah; Askew,Ian; Amin,Sajeda; Keesbury,Jill; Mullick,Saiqa; Diers,Judith A.; Budiharsana,Meiwita P.; Undie,Chi-Chi; Zama,Mary; Menziwa,Mantshi; Hutchinson,Sherry; Rutenberg,Naomi
Publication date: 2011
Community based reproductive health (RH) intervention resulted in increasing age at marriage: The case of Berhane Hewan Project, in East Gojam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia
(abstract) (PDF)
Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Molla,Mitike
Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 4(1): 16-25
Publication date: 2010
Building programs to address child marriage: The Berhane Hewan experience in Ethiopia (PDF)
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Publication date: 2010
Care of the newborn: Community perceptions and health seeking behavior (abstract) (PDF)
Warren,Charlotte
Ethiopian Journal of Health Development 24(Special Issue 1): 110-114
Publication date: 2010
Care seeking for maternal health: Challenges remain for poor women (abstract) (PDF)
Warren,Charlotte
Ethiopian Journal of Health Development 24(Special Issue 1): 100-104
Publication date: 2010
Comprehensive responses to gender-based violence in low-resource settings: Lessons learned from implementation (PDF)
Keesbury,Jill; Askew,Ian
Publication date: 2010
Ethiopia gender survey: A study in seven regions (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw; Ambelu,Worku; Girma,Woldemariam; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhi,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Report
Publication date: 2010
Ethiopia young adult survey: A study in seven regions (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw; Ambelu,Worku; Girma,Woldemariam; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhi,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Publication date: 2010
Looking back, moving forward: Promoting gender equity to fight HIV, Horizons studies 1999 to 2007 (PDF)
Pulerwitz,Julie; Michaelis,Annie P.; Weiss,Ellen
Horizons Synthesis Background Papers
Publication date: 2010
'Meserete Hiwot' (Base of Life): Supporting married adolescents with HIV prevention and reproductive health in rural Ethiopia (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Lamesgin,Aragaw; Muthengi,Eunice
Program Brief, December
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Addis Ababa
Ambelu,Worku; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw; Girma,Woldemariam; Dessalegn,Banchiamlack; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Addis Ababa
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, October
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Afar region
Ambelu,Worku; Ferede,Abebaw; Girma,Woldemariam; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Dessalegn,Banchiamlack; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Amhara region
Ferede,Abebaw; Ambelu,Worku; Girma,Woldemariam; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Dessalegn,Banchiamlack; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Amhara Region
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, October
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Oromiya Region
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, November
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Oromiya region
Ferede,Abebaw; Girma,Woldemariam; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Dessalegn,Banchiamlack; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region
Girma,Woldemariam; Ferede,Abebaw; Ambelu,Worku; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Dessalegn,Banchiamlack; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Tigray region
Girma,Woldemariam; Ferede,Abebaw; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Dessalegn,Banchiamlack; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhi,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Tigray region
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, November
Publication date: 2010
Youth and gender survey: Afar region
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, November
Publication date: 2010
Youth and gender survey: Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region (SNNPR)
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, November
Publication date: 2010
Addis Birhan ('New Light'): Fostering husbands' involvement and support in Amhara Region, Ethiopia (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Alemayehu,Awraris
Program brief
Publication date: 2009
Adolescent experience in-depth: Using data to identify and reach the most vulnerable young people (HTML)
Series of 51 data guides by country
Publication date: 2009
Adolescent experience in-depth: Using data to identify and reach the most vulnerable young people--Ethiopia 2005 (PDF) (HTML)
Publication date: 2009
Adolescent girls in urban Ethiopia: Vulnerability and opportunity (PDF)
Ferede,Abebaw; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Publication date: 2009
Commercial sex workers in five Ethiopian cities: A baseline survey for USAID Targeted HIV Prevention Program for most-at-risk populations (PDF)
Girma,Woldemariam; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Report
Publication date: 2009
Demographic data for development in sub-Saharan Africa (PDF)
Baldwin,Wendy; Diers,Judith A.
Poverty, Gender, and Youth Working Paper (no. 13)
Publication date: 2009
Demographic Data for Development: Ethiopia (PDF)
Mekonnen,Yared; Baldwin,Wendy; Engebretsen,Sarah
Final report
Publication date: 2009
Directory of programs for rural girls in Ethiopia (PDF)
Kifle,Elshaday; Yilma,Mekuria; Parker,Emil
Publication date: 2009
Evaluation of Berhane Hewan: A program to delay child marriage in rural Ethiopia (abstract) (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Muthengi,Eunice
International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35(1): 6-14
Publication date: 2009
Mainstreaming emergency contraception in Ethiopia's public sector
Keesbury,Jill; Aytenfisu,Hailegiorgis; Bradford,Spike
Ethiopian Journal of Public Health
Publication date: 2009
Marriage and sexual experience of adolescent girls and women in West Gojam Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Amdemikael,Helen; Conille,Garry
Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 3(3): 27-33
Publication date: 2009
Program shown to significantly delay child marriage (PDF)
Population Briefs 15(1)
Publication date: 2009
Reviewing maternal mortality in rural Ethiopia: Using the verbal autopsy approach (abstract) (PDF)
Warren,Charlotte; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab
Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 3(3): 4-14
Publication date: 2009
Social exclusion and early or unwanted sexual initiation among poor urban females in Ethiopia (abstract) (HTML)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw
International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35(4): 186-193
Publication date: 2009
"Population Council in Ethiopia," fact sheet (PDF)
Publication date: 2008
Evaluation of Berhane Hewan: A pilot program to promote education and delay marriage in rural Ethiopia (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Muthengi,Eunice
Publication date: 2008
Improving reproductive health and HIV prevention among married adolescents in Amhara, Ethiopia (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab
FRONTIERS Final Report
Publication date: 2008
Kenya and Ethiopia: Community and religious leaders are effective advocates for HIV testing for young couples (PDF)
FRONTIERS OR Summary (no. 80)
Publication date: 2008
Lost girls: The child brides of Afghanistan, Nepal and Ethiopia
Bruce,Judith; Cohen,David Elliott
from What Matters: The World's Preeminent Photojournalists and Thinkers Depict Essential Issues of Our Time
Publication date: 2008
Casamento infantil no contexto da epidemia do VIH (PDF)
Bruce,Judith
Promover transições para a idade adulta saudáveis, seguras e produtivas Sumário (N 11)
Publication date: 2007
Invisible and vulnerable: Adolescent domestic workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (abstract) (HTML)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab
Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 2(3): 246-256
Publication date: 2007
Leave no woman behind, Ethiopia: Baseline report (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Amdemikael,Helen; Conille,Garry
Publication date: 2007
Mainstreaming emergency contraception in Ethiopia's public sector: Final project report (PDF)
Keesbury,Jill; Aytenfisu,Hailegiorgis; Bradford,Spike
Publication date: 2007
Survey of unsafe abortion in selected health facilities in Ethiopia (abstract) (PDF)
Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Hiwot,Yirgu G.; Fantahun,Misganaw
Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 1(1): 28-43
Publication date: 2007
The health extension program: A flagship for bringing health services to the doors of communities (abstract) (PDF)
Mekbib,Tekle-Ab
Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 1(1): 75-85
Publication date: 2007
Differential use of adolescent reproductive health programs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (abstract) (HTML)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Simie,Negussie; Gulema,Tsehai
Journal of Adolescent Health 38(3): 253-260
Publication date: 2006
Migration and vulnerability among adolescents in slum areas of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (abstract) (HTML)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Simie,Negussie; Gulema,Tsehai
Journal of Youth Studies 9(3): 361-374
Publication date: 2006
At the intersection of health, social well-being and human rights: CARE's experiences working with communities toward abandonment of female genital cutting (FGC) (PDF)
Rajadurai,Henrietta; Igras,Susan
CARE report
Publication date: 2005
Child marriage briefing: Ethiopia (PDF)
Child Marriage Briefings
Publication date: 2005
Marriage in transition: Evidence on age, education, and assets from six developing countries
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Behrman,Jere R.; Stromquist,Nelly P.; Cohen,Barney
from The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries: Selected Studies, pp. 200-269
Publication date: 2005
Who are the targets of youth programs: Results of a capacity building exercise in Ethiopia (abstract) (PDF)
Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Belete,Fekerte
Ethiopian Journal of Health Development 19(1): 60-62
Publication date: 2005
Adolescent life in low income and slum areas of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Simie,Negussie; Gulema,Tsehai
Publication date: 2004
Testing the effectiveness of integrating community-based approaches for encouraging abandonment of female genital cutting into CARE's reproductive health programs in Ethiopia and Kenya (PDF)
Chege,Jane; Askew,Ian; Igras,Susan; Mutesh,Jacinta K.
FRONTIERS Final Report
Publication date: 2004
The experience of adolescence in rural Amhara Region, Ethiopia (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Simie,Negussie; Gulema,Tsehai
Publication date: 2004
Marriage in transition: Evidence on age, education, and assets from six developing countries (PDF)
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 183)
Publication date: 2003
Marriage in transition: Evidence on age, education, and assets from six developing countries [Arabic] (PDF)
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 183)
Publication date: 2003
Selected DHS data on 10-14-year-olds (HTML)
Annexes by country to Facts about Adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey: Statistical Tables for Program Planning
Publication date: 2003
Selected DHS data on 10-14-year-olds: Ethiopia (PDF) (HTML)
Annex to "Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey: Statistical tables for program planning"
Publication date: 2003
Expanding contraceptive choice in Ethiopia (HTML)
Skibiak,John P.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Getahun,Haileyesus
Sexual Health Exchange 2: 4-5
Publication date: 2002
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey--Statistical tables for program planning: Ethiopia 2000 (PDF) (HTML)
Publication date: 2002
An evaluation of Norplant insertion and removal services in Ethiopia
Skibiak,John P.; Miller,Suellen; Belay,Tesfanesh; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Peterson,Herbert
Publication date: 2001
Ecological degradation, rural poverty, and migration in Ethiopia: A contextual analysis (PDF)
Ezra,Markos
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 149)
Publication date: 2001
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey: Statistical tables for program planning (HTML)
Series of DHS data tables by country
Publication date: 2001
Household vulnerability to food crisis and mortality in the drought-prone areas of northern Ethiopia (abstract) (HTML)
Ezra,Markos; Kiros,Gebre-Egziabher
Journal of Biosocial Science 32(3): 395-409
Publication date: 2000
Leaving-home of young adults under conditions of ecological stress in the drought prone communities of northern Ethiopia (HTML)
Ezra,Markos
Genus 56(3-4): 121-144
Publication date: 2000
El cuidado infantil: Respuestas a las necesidades de madres que trabajan y sus hijos [Child care: Meeting the needs of working mothers and their children]
Arnold,Caroline; Mejia,Jorge; Haregot,Aster; Leonard,Ann; Landers,Cassie
SEEDS (no. 13)
Publication date: 1992
Child care: Meeting the needs of working mothers and their children (PDF)
Arnold,Caroline; Mejia,Jorge; Haregot,Aster; Leonard,Ann; Landers,Cassie
SEEDS (no. 13)
Publication date: 1991
Ethiopia Fast Facts
| Population (millions) | 87.0 |
|---|---|
| Total fertility rate | 5.3 |
| Infant deaths per 1,000 live births | 59 |
| Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births | 470 |
| Girls aged 20-24 married by age 18 (%) | 41.2 |
| HIV/AIDS prevalence (%) | — |
| Living below US $2 per day (%) | 78 |
Country statistics from Demographic and Health Surveys, 1987–2011; UNAIDS and UNICEF websites (accessed 10/22/2012); "World Population Data Sheet" (Population Reference Bureau, 2012) | |
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