Population Council Research that makes a difference

Banner Photo: Stone steps crowded with people in the US

Overview

The Population Council is a global organization. Its headquarters are in New York City, near the United Nations. About half of the Council's staff is based in the United States, and many interregional projects are managed by staff members in either New York or Washington, DC.

The Population Council's biomedical laboratories also are located in New York City on the campus of The Rockefeller University. The Council's Center for Biomedical Research is one of the world's leading laboratories for the development of contraceptives and other health products. The design of these products is based in part on the findings from the basic research that is also conducted at the center. Clinical trials conducted in the United States have contributed to the development of female and male contraceptives.

Staff in the Council's Washington, DC, office manage programs and research to improve reproductive health and prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections.

The majority of the Council's publications in English, as well as some in Spanish and French, are edited and printed in the United States, including books, working papers, booklet series, newsletters, and two journals.

The Council provides fellowships to those who wish to pursue advanced study in the physiology and biochemistry of reproduction. Fellows conduct research at the Center for Biomedical Research. The Council also offers fellowships to young professionals, primarily from developing countries, to prepare them for leadership in the population, health, and development fields.

Projects

Action of Endocrine Disrupters on Leydig Cells (more)
Diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) is a suspected endocrine-disrupting chemical that is a common constituent of flexible plastics; Council research is investigating the effect of DEHP on the function of Leydig cells, the cells responsible for making testosterone.
(4/1999 - ongoing)
Reproductive health biomedical research

Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing (ACASI) and Microbicides (more)
Council researchers are using ACASI to conduct behavioral and social science research about microbicides.
(1/2006 - ongoing)
Microbicides

Determining the Safety of Sexual Lubricants (more)
Council scientists have conducted biomedical research to better understand the relative safety of personal lubricants used during sexual intercourse.
(1/2000 - ongoing)
HIV biomedical research; RTIs/STIs

Development and Physiology of Leydig Cells (more)
Testosterone production by Leydig cells in the testis is the critical factor ensuring adequate sperm production and male fertility. Council researchers are identifying components that affect testosterone secretion and may offer new avenues for contraception and male hormone therapy.
(1/1998 - ongoing)
New and improved reproductive technologies; Reproductive health biomedical research; Technologies for men

Dual Health Benefits: Nestorone
Council scientists at the Center for Biomedical Research are developing safer and more effective long-acting contraceptives that have dual health benefits, using molecules with selective binding to hormone receptors, such as Nestorone®, a derivative of progesterone.
(1/2010 - ongoing)
New and improved reproductive technologies; Reproductive health biomedical research; Technologies for women

Dual Health Benefits: Ulipristal (more)
Council scientists at the Center for Biomedical Research are developing safer and more effective long-acting contraceptives that have dual health benefits, using molecules with selective binding to hormone receptors, such as ulipristal, a novel progesterone receptor modulator.
(1/2010 - ongoing)
New and improved reproductive technologies; Reproductive health biomedical research; Technologies for women

Emergency Contraceptive Potential of Products Under Development (more)
Many contraceptive products may have utility as emergency contraceptive methods; the Council is evaluating the potential of selected candidate products.
(1/2005 - ongoing)
Technologies for women

Female Hormone Therapy (more)
Research at the Center for Biomedical Research is part of the Council's ongoing efforts to evaluate the long-term safety of the progesterone receptor modulator CDB-2914 for hormone therapy.
(1/2001 - ongoing)
New and improved reproductive technologies; Technologies for women

Germ Cell Dynamics (more)
Basic research at the Council's Center for Biomedical Research seeks to identify genetic mechanisms resulting in infertility in mice that might be used to develop new forms of male contraception.
(1/1998 - ongoing)
Reproductive health biomedical research

In Search of Stem Leydig Cells: Identification, Isolation, and Development (more)
Leydig cells secrete the male hormone testosterone needed for fertility and formation of the male body plan; Council research seeks to understand the cellular controls of testostorone production in Leydig cells.
(1/1995 - ongoing)
Reproductive health biomedical research

In Vitro and In Vivo Testing of Microbicides (more)
Council research is advancing microbicide strategies to prevent dendritic cell–driven infection of HIV across the body surfaces.
(1/2005 - ongoing)
HIV biomedical research

MENT® (more)
Council researchers are working to develop methods of contraception for men that contain MENT®, a synthetic steroid that resembles testosterone
(1/2005 - ongoing)
Technologies for men

Nestorone® (more)
Many of the products under development at the Council employ Nestorone, a versatile synthetic progestin similar to the natural hormone progesterone
(1/2005 - ongoing)
New and improved reproductive technologies; Technologies for women

Nonclinical Laboratory Studies: Microbicide Formulation and Delivery (more)
Population Council laboratory scientists are developing vaginal rings and water-based gels to deliver microbicide formulations.
(1/2004 - ongoing)
HIV biomedical research; Microbicides

Nonclinical Laboratory Studies: PC-1005 Gel (Carrageenan with Added MIV-150 and Zinc Salts) (more)
Council scientists are investigating microbicide gels containing carrageenan, MIV-150, and zinc salts that might block acquisition and transmission of HIV.
(1/2004 - ongoing)
HIV biomedical research; Microbicides

Nonclinical Laboratory Studies: PC-700 Series Gels (Carrageenan with Zinc Salts) (more)
Council researchers are studying microbicide gels containing carrageenan and zinc salts that might block acquisition and transmission of herpes and HIV.
(1/2000 - ongoing)
HIV biomedical research; Microbicides

Nonclinical Laboratory Studies: Vaginal Rings Loaded with MIV-150 (more)
Council scientists are conducting studies of vaginal rings releasing MIV-150 that might provide continuous protection from acquisition and transmission of HIV for at least one month.
(1/2007 - ongoing)
HIV biomedical research; Microbicides

Physiology of Sertoli Cells (more)
The goal of Council research on Sertoli cells is the development of safe, reversible male contraceptives.
(1/1995 - ongoing)
New and improved reproductive technologies; Reproductive health biomedical research; Technologies for men

Probing Studies in Male Contraception (more)
Council researchers are undertaking research that may lead to novel contraceptive methods for men.
(1/1995 - ongoing)
New and improved reproductive technologies; Technologies for men

Sperm Maturation (more)
Council researchers are working to identify the switch that activates sperm so that it can be turned on in infertile men and turned off when contraception is desired.
(7/2002 - ongoing)
Reproductive health biomedical research

Studies on the Function of the Annulus of the Sperm Tail (more)
The annulus on the sperm tail is critical for sperm function; Council research on the annulus may lead to the development of a novel, reversible male contraceptive
(1/2003 - ongoing)
Reproductive health biomedical research

Subdermal Implants for Men (more)
Studies have found that men are interested in taking more responsibility for family planning; an implant for men is the Council's lead product in male contraception.
(1/2005 - ongoing)
Technologies for men

Transdermal Delivery Systems for Men (more)
Council research has demonstrated that MENT permeates the skin significantly better than two other androgens and is safe for further development as a hormone therapy method for men.
(1/2005 - ongoing)
Technologies for men

Transdermal Delivery Systems for Women: Contraceptive Gel (more)
Council scientists are developing a contraceptive gel that is absorbed through the skin.
(1/2005 - ongoing)
Technologies for women

Transdermal Delivery Systems for Women: Spray-on Contraceptive (more)
Council researchers are developing a transdermal spray-on contraceptive that makes use of the synthetic progestin Nestorone.
(1/2007 - ongoing)
Technologies for women

Transmission of Immunodeficiency Viruses: Dendritic Cells and Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses (more)
Understanding how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted during sexual intercourse and how co-pathogens impact HIV spread is a focus of Council research.
(1/2005 - ongoing)
HIV biomedical research

Role of Integrins in HIV/SIV Transmission Across the Cervico-Vaginal Mucosa (more)
Council researchers are studying the earliest stages of vaginal HIV infection in rhesus macaques.
(3/2012 - 3/2017)
HIV biomedical research

A Novel DARPins Strategy for Combating HIV (more)
Council researchers are exploring the use of DARPins to limit HIV replication in vitro and provide the first tests of this novel antiviral strategy in vivo.
(7/2008 - 6/2014)
HIV biomedical research

The Biology of Blood–Testis Barrier Dynamics (more)
Population Council researchers have been investigating innovative ways to regulate the blood–testis barrier in spermatogenesis, which will likely lead to the development of novel male contraceptives.
(2/2009 - 3/2014)
Reproductive health biomedical research

Facilitating Regulatory Approval of Multipurpose Prevention Technologies for Reproductive Health (more)
The Population Council is playing a central role in the US Agency for International Development’s effort to clarify and inform regulatory pathways for multipurpose prevention technologies.
(10/2010 - 9/2013)
HIV biomedical research; HIV prevention; Microbicides; New and improved reproductive technologies; Reproductive health biomedical research

Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Mucosal Immunity (more)
Council researchers are investigating the potential influence of long-term antiretroviral therapy on oral immune function.
(1/2005 - 6/2012)
HIV biomedical research

Dual-protection Contraceptive Ring (more)
Council researchers are collaborating to develop a dual-protection contraceptive ring that protects against both pregnancy and HIV.
(10/2009 - 11/2010)
Reproductive health biomedical research

One-year Combination Vaginal Ring, Phase 3 Study (more)
The NES/EE vaginal ring is a user-controlled method that can be reused for one year.
(9/2005 - 6/2009)
Technologies for women

CDB-2914 Intrauterine Delivery System (more)
Council biomedical researchers are developing an intrauterine contraceptive delivery system that releases a novel progesterone receptor modulator.
(1/2005 - 1/2007)
Technologies for women

Resources

Intercellular adhesion molecule-2 is involved in apical ectoplasmic specialization dynamics during spermatogenesis in the rat (abstract) (HTML
Xiao,Xiang; Cheng,Chuen-yan; Mruk,Dolores D.
Journal of Endocrinology 216(1): 73-86
Publication date: 2013


Secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) regulates spermatid adhesion in the testis via dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and the nectin-3 adhesion protein complex (abstract) (HTML
Wong,Elissa W.P.; Lee,Will M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
FASEB Journal 27(2): 464-477
Publication date: 2013


A single dose of a MIV-150/zinc acetate gel provides 24 h of protection against vaginal simian human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase infection, with more limited protection rectally 8-24 h after gel use (abstract) (HTML
Kenney,Jessica; Singer,Rachel; Derby,Nina R.; Aravantinou,Meropi; Abraham,Ciby J.; Menon,Radhika; Seidor,Samantha; Zhang,Shimin; Gettie,Agegnehu; Blanchard,James; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Fernandez-Romero,Jose A.; Zydowsky,Thomas M.; Robbiani,Melissa
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 28(11): 1476-1484
Publication date: 2012


Characterization of peripheral and mucosal immune responses in rhesus macaques on long-term tenofovir and emtricitabine combination antiretroviral therapy (abstract) (HTML
Jasny,Edith; Geer,Suzanne; Frank,Ines; Vagenas,Panagiotis; Aravantinou,Meropi; Salazar,Andres M.; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Gettie,Agegnehu; Blanchard,James L.; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 61(4): 425-435
Publication date: 2012


Council-partnered family planning foundation significantly reduces risk of unintended pregnancy among poor women in the United States (PDF
Population Briefs 18(1)
Publication date: 2012


Effects of a novel estrogen-free, progesterone receptor modulator-contraceptive vaginal ring on inhibition of ovulation, bleeding patterns and endometrium in normal women (abstract) (HTML
Brache,Vivian; Sitruk-Ware,Regine; Williams,A.; Blithe,Diana; Croxatto,Horacio B.; Kumar,Narender; Kumar,Sushma; Tsong,Yun-yen; Sivin,Irving; Nath,Anita; Sussman,Heather; Cochon,Leila; Miranda,Maria Jose; Reyes,Veronica; Faundes,Anibal; Mishell,Daniel R.,Jr.
Contraception 85(5): 480-488
Publication date: 2012


Focal adhesion kinase-Tyr407 and -Tyr397 exhibit antagonistic effects on blood-testis barrier dynamics in the rat (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Lie,Pearl P.Y.; Mruk,Dolores D.; Mok,Ka-Wai; Su,Linlin; Lee,Will M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109(31): 12562-12567
Publication date: 2012


rpS6 regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics by affecting F-actin organization and protein recruitment (abstract) (HTML
Mok,Ka-Wai; Mruk,Dolores D.; Silvestrini,Bruno; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Endocrinology 153(10): 5036-5048
Publication date: 2012


Spermatogonial stem cells alone are not sufficient to re-initiate spermatogenesis in the rat testis following adjudin-induced infertility (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Mok,Ka-Wai; Mruk,Dolores D.; Lee,Will M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
International Journal of Andrology 35(1): 86-101
Publication date: 2012


The biology of interleukin-1: Emerging concepts in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell junction dynamics (abstract) (HTML
Lie,Pearl P.Y.; Cheng,Chuen-yan; Mruk,Dolores D.
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 69(4): 487-500
Publication date: 2012


The blood-testis barrier and its implications for male contraception (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Cheng,Chuen-yan; Mruk,Dolores D.
Pharmacological Reviews 64(1): 16-64
Publication date: 2012


The nonnucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor MIV-160 delivered from an intravaginal ring, but not from a carrageenan gel, protects against simian/human immunodeficiency virus-RT infection (abstract) (PDF
Aravantinou,Meropi; Singer,Rachel; Derby,Nina R.; Calenda,Giulia; Mawson,Paul; Abraham,Ciby J.; Menon,Radhika; Seidor,Samantha; Goldman,Daniel; Kenney,Jessica; Villegas,Guillermo; Gettie,Agegnehu; Blanchard,James; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Fernandez-Romero,Jose A.; Zydowsky,Thomas M.; Teleshova,Natalia; Robbiani,Melissa
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 28(11): 1467-1475
Publication date: 2012


7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone vs. testosterone implants for hypogonadal osteoporosis: A preclinical study in the aged male orchidectomized rat model (abstract) (HTML
Sinnasael,M.; Callewaert,F.; Morreels,M.; Kumar,Narender; Sitruk-Ware,Regine; Van Proeyen,K.; Hespel,P.; Boonen,Steven; Claessens,F.; Vanderschueren,Dirk
International Journal of Andrology 34(6 pt 2): 601-611
Publication date: 2011


A study to assess the assembly of a functional blood-testis barrier in developing rat testes (abstract) (PDF
Mok,Ka-Wai; Mruk,Dolores D.; Lee,Will M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Spermatogenesis 1(3): 270-280
Publication date: 2011


Actin-binding protein drebrin E is involved in junction dynamics during spermatogenesis (abstract) (PDF
Li,Michelle W.M.; Xiao,Xiang; Mruk,Dolores D.; Lam,Yee-ling; Lee,Will M.; Lui,Wing-Yee; Bonanomi,Michele; Silvestrini,Bruno; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Spermatogenesis 1(2): 123-136
Publication date: 2011


Adjudin disrupts spermatogenesis via the action of some unlikely partners: Eps8, Arp2/3 complex, drebrin E, PAR6 and 14-3-3 (abstract) (PDF
Cheng,Chuen-yan; Lie,Pearl P.Y.; Wong,Elissa W.P.; Mruk,Dolores D.; Silvestrini,Bruno
Spermatogenesis 1(4): 291-291
Publication date: 2011


Adjudin, a potential male contraceptive, exerts its effects locally in the seminiferous epithelium of mammalian testes (abstract) (HTML
Mok,Ka-Wai; Mruk,Dolores D.; Lie,Pearl P.Y.; Lui,Wing-Yee; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Reproduction 141(5): 571-580
Publication date: 2011


An in vitro system to study Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier dynamics (abstract) (HTML
Mruk,Dolores D.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Methods in Molecular Biology 763: 237-252
Publication date: 2011


Cancer/testis (CT) antigens, carcinogenesis and spermatogenesis (abstract) (PDF
Cheng,Yan Ho; Wong,Elissa W.P.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Spermatogenesis 1(3): 209-220
Publication date: 2011


Characterization and functionality of proliferative human Sertoli cells (abstract) (HTML
Chui,Kitty; Trivedi,Alpa; Cheng,Chuen-yan; Cherbavaz,Diana B.; Dazin,Paul F.; Huynh,Ai Lam Thu; Mitchell,James B.; Rabinovitch,Gabriel A.; Noble-Haeusslein,Linda J.; John,Constance M.
Cell Transplantation 20(5): 619-635
Publication date: 2011


c-Yes regulates cell adhesion at the blood-testis barrier and the apical ectoplasmic specialization in the seminiferous epithelium of rat testes (abstract) (HTML
Xiao,Xiang; Mruk,Dolores D.; Lee,William M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 43(4): 651-665
Publication date: 2011


Desmosomes in the testis: Moving into an unchartered territory (abstract) (HTML
Mruk,Dolores D.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Spermatogenesis 1(1): 47-51
Publication date: 2011


Drug transporters and blood-testis barrier function (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Su,Linlin; Mruk,Dolores D.; Lee,William M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Journal of Endocrinology 209(3): 337-351
Publication date: 2011


Emerging role for drug transporters at the blood-testis barrier (abstract) (HTML
Mruk,Dolores D.; Su,Linlin; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Trends in Pharmacological Science 32(2): 99-106
Publication date: 2011


Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) for routine immunoblotting. An inexpensive alternative to commercially available kits (abstract) (PDF
Mruk,Dolores D.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Spermatogenesis 1(2): 121-122
Publication date: 2011


Environmental contaminants: Is male reproductive health at risk? (abstract) (PDF
Mruk,Dolores D.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Spermatogenesis 1(4): 283-290
Publication date: 2011


Environmental toxicants and male reproductive function (abstract) (HTML
Cheng,Chuen-yan; Wong,Elissa W.P.; Lie,Pearl P.Y.; Li,Michelle W.M.; Su,Linlin; Siu,Erica R.; Yan,Helen H.N.; Mannu,J.; Mathur,Premendu P.; Bonanomi,Michele; Silvestrini,Bruno; Mruk,Dolores D.
Spermatogenesis 1(1): 2-13
Publication date: 2011


Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction (abstract) (HTML
Wong,Elissa W.P.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Trends in Pharmacological Science 32(5): 290-299
Publication date: 2011


Interleukin-1α is a regulator of the blood-testis barrier (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Lie,Pearl P.Y.; Cheng,Chuen-yan; Mruk,Dolores D.
FASEB Journal 25(4): 1244-1253
Publication date: 2011


Managing unplanned pregnancies in five countries: Perspectives on contraception and abortion decisions (abstract) (HTML
Tsui,Amy Ong; Casterline,John B.; Singh,Susheela; Bankole,Akinrinola; Moore,Ann M.; Omideyi,Adekunbi; Palomino Ramirez,Nancy; Sathar,Zeba A.; Juarez,Fatima; Shellenberg,Kristen M.
Global Public Health 6(suppl. 1): S21-S24
Publication date: 2011


Mifepristone in combination with prostaglandins for termination of 10-16 weeks' gestation: A systematic review (abstract) (HTML
Chen,Qiu-ju; Hou,Shu-ping; Meads,Catherine; Huang,Yong-mei; Hong,Qing-qing; Zhu,Hao-ping; Cheng,Li-nan
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 159(2): 247-254
Publication date: 2011


P-glycoprotein regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics via its effects on the occludin/zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) protein complex mediated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK) (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Su,Linlin; Mruk,Dolores D.; Lui,Wing-Yee; Lee,William M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108(49): 19623-19628
Publication date: 2011


Polarity proteins and actin regulatory proteins are unlikely partners that regulate cell adhesion in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis (abstract) (HTML
Cheng,Chuen-yan; Wong,Elissa W.P.; Lie,Pearl P.Y.; Mruk,Dolores D.; Xiao,Xiang; Li,Michelle W.M.; Lui,Wing-Yee; Lee,Will M.
Histology and Histopathology 26(11): 1465-1474
Publication date: 2011


Progesterone and nestorone facilitate axon remyelination: A role for progesterone receptors (abstract) (PDF
Hussain,Rashad; El-Etr,Martine; Gaci,O.; Rakotomamonjy,J.; Macklin,Wendy B.; Kumar,Narender; Sitruk-Ware,Regine; Schumacher,Michael; Ghoumari,Abdel M.
Endocrinology 152(10): 3820-3831
Publication date: 2011


Regulation of spermiogenesis, spermiation and blood-testis barrier dynamics: Novel insights from studies on Eps8 and Arp3 (abstract) (HTML
Cheng,Chuen-yan; Mruk,Dolores D.
Biochemical Journal 435(3): 553-562
Publication date: 2011


Social stigma and disclosure about induced abortion: Results from an exploratory study (abstract) (HTML
Shellenberg,Kristen M.; Moore,Ann M.; Bankole,Akinrinola; Juarez,Fatima; Omideyi,Adekunbi; Palomino Ramirez,Nancy; Sathar,Zeba A.; Singh,Susheela; Tsui,Amy Ong
Global Public Health 6(suppl. 1): S111-S125
Publication date: 2011


Termination of second-trimester pregnancy by mifepristone combined with misoprostol versus intra-amniotic injection of ethacridine lactate (Rivanol®): A systematic review of Chinese trials (abstract) (HTML
Hou,Shu-ping; Fang,Ai-hua; Chen,Qin-fang; Huang,Yong-mei; Chen,Qiu-ju; Cheng,Li-nan
Contraception 84(3): 214-223
Publication date: 2011


Testin and actin are key molecular targets of adjudin, an anti-spermatogenic agent, in the testis (abstract) (PDF
Mruk,Dolores D.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Spermatogenesis 1(2): 137-146
Publication date: 2011


The biology of the desmosome-like junction a versatile anchoring junction and signal transducer in the seminiferous epithelium (abstract) (HTML
Lie,Pearl P.Y.; Cheng,Chuen-yan; Mruk,Dolores D.
International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology 286: 223-269
Publication date: 2011


The myotubularin family of lipid phosphatases in disease and in spermatogenesis (abstract) (PDF
Mruk,Dolores D.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Biochemical Journal 433(2): 253-262
Publication date: 2011


The ß1-integrin-p-FAK-p130Cas-DOCK180-RhoA-vinculin is a novel regulatory protein complex at the apical ectoplasmic specialization in adult rat testes (abstract) (HTML
Siu,Michelle K.Y.; Wong,Ching-hang; Xia,Weiliang; Mruk,Dolores D.; Lee,Will M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Spermatogenesis 1(1): 73-86
Publication date: 2011


HIV/STI risk among male Mexican immigrants in Dallas, Texas: Findings from a pilot study (abstract) (HTML
Wilson,Kate S.; Eggleston,Elizabeth; Diaz-Olavarrieta,Claudia; Garcia,Sandra G.
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 12(6): 947-951
Publication date: 2010


Teen fertility in transition: Recent and historic trends in the United States 
Santelli,John S.; Melnikas,Andrea
from Annual Review of Public Health, pp. 371-383
Publication date: 2010


Vaginal microbicide adherence biomarkers should be validated--Authors' reply (HTML
Skoler-Karpoff,Stephanie; Friedland,Barbara A.; Plagianos,Marlena Gehret; Maguire,Robin A.; Lahteenmaki,Pekka
Lancet 373(9665): 721-722
Publication date: 2009


Candida albicans-induced DC activation reduces HIV amplification by DCs while increasing DC-to-T-cell spread of HIV (abstract) (HTML
Vachot,Laurence; Williams,Vennansha G.; Bess Jr.,Julian W.; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 48(4): 398-407
Publication date: 2008


Conspiracy beliefs and trust in information about HIV/AIDS among minority men who have sex with men (abstract) (HTML
Hutchinson,Angela B.; Begley,Elin B.; Sullivan,Patrick; Clark,Hollie A.; Boyett,Brian C.; Kellerman,Scott E.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 45(5): 603-605
Publication date: 2007


A male contraceptive targeting germ cell adhesion (abstract) (HTML
Mruk,Dolores D.; Wong,Ching-hang; Silvestrini,Bruno; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Nature Medicine 12(11): 1323-1328
Publication date: 2006


Adjudin-mediated junction restructuring in the seminiferous epithelium leads to displacement of soluble guanylate cyclase from adherens junctions (abstract) (HTML
Sarkar,Oli; Xia,Weiliang; Mruk,Dolores D.
Journal of Cellular Physiology 208(1): 175-187
Publication date: 2006


Differential interactions between transforming growth factor-β3/TβR1, TAB1, and CD2AP disrupt blood-testis barrier and Sertoli-germ cell adhesion (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Xia,Weiliang; Mruk,Dolores D.; Lee,Will M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Journal of Biological Chemistry 281(24): 16799-16813
Publication date: 2006


Laminin α3 forms a complex with β3 and γ3 chains that serves as the ligand for α 6β1-integrin at the apical ectoplasmic specialization in adult rat testes (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Yan,Helen H.N.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Journal of Biological Chemistry 281(25): 17286-17303
Publication date: 2006


Mifepristone and misoprostol sequential regimen side effects, complications and safety (abstract) (HTML
Sitruk-Ware,Regine
Contraception 74(1): 48-55
Publication date: 2006


The Sertoli-spermatid junctional complex adhesion strength is affected in vitro by adjudin (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Wolski,Katja M.; Mruk,Dolores D.; Cameron,Don F.
Journal of Andrology 27(6): 790-794
Publication date: 2006


Tumor necrosis factor reversibly disrupts the blood-testis barrier and impairs Sertoli-germ cell adhesion in the seminiferous epithelium of adult rat testes (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Li,Michelle W.M.; Xia,Weiliang; Mruk,Dolores D.; Wang,Claire Q.F.; Yan,Helen H.N.; Siu,Michelle K.Y.; Lui,Wing-Yee; Lee,Will M.; Cheng,Chuen-yan
Journal of Endocrinology 190(2): 313-329
Publication date: 2006


Education, income, and functional limitation transitions among American adults: Contrasting onset and progression (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Zimmer,Zachary; House,James S.
International Journal of Epidemiology 32(6): 1089-1097
Publication date: 2003


Trends in disability and functioning among older adults in the United States and Taiwan (PDF
Population Briefs 9(1)
Publication date: 2003


Could American women use mifepristone-misoprostol pills safely with less medical supervision? (abstract) (HTML
Harper,Cynthia C.; Ellertson,Charlotte; Winikoff,Beverly
Contraception 65(2): 133-142
Publication date: 2002


Differences between emergency contraception users in the United States and the United Kingdom (abstract
Blanchard,Kelly; Haskell,Sue; Ferden,Sue; Johnstone,Karen; Spears,Aileen; Evans,Margaret; Leadbetter,Clare; Carlson,Sarah; Meehan,Amy; Abuabara,Katrina; Ellertson,Charlotte
Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 57(4): 200-203, 214
Publication date: 2002


Misoprostol use in obstetrics and gynecology in Brazil, Jamaica, and the United States (abstract) (HTML
Clark,Shelley; Blum,Jennifer; Blanchard,Kelly; Galvao,Loren; Fletcher,Horace; Winikoff,Beverly
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 76(1): 65-74
Publication date: 2002


Recent trends in disability and functioning among older adults in the United States: A systematic review (abstract) (HTML
Freedman,Vicki A.; Martin,Linda G.; Schoeni,Robert F.
Journal of the American Medical Association 288(24): 3137-3146
Publication date: 2002


Aggregate changes in severe cognitive impairment among older Americans: 1993 and 1998 (abstract) (HTML
Freedman,Vicki A.; Aykan,Hakan; Martin,Linda G.
Journal of Gerontology 56(2): S100-S111
Publication date: 2001


The acceptability of the female condom: Perspectives of family planning providers in New York City, South Africa, and Nigeria (abstract) (HTML
Mantell,Joanne E.; Hoffman,Susie; Weiss,Eugene; Adeokun,Lawrence; Delano,Grace Ebun; Jagha,Temple; Exner,Theresa M.; Stein,Zena A.; Karim,Quarraisha Abdool; Scheepers,Elma; Atkins,Kim; Weiss,Ellen
Journal of Urban Health 78(4): 658-668
Publication date: 2001


Men's attitudes towards a potential vaginal microbicide in Zimbabwe, Mexico and the USA (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Coggins,Christiana; Blanchard,Kelly; Friedland,Barbara A.
Reproductive Health Matters 8(15): 132-141
Publication date: 2000


The contribution of chronic conditions to aggregate changes in old-age functioning (abstract) (PDF) (HTML
Freedman,Vicki A.; Martin,Linda G.
American Journal of Public Health 90(11): 1755-1760
Publication date: 2000


A study of women's preferences regarding the formulation of over-the-counter vaginal spermicides (PDF
Coggins,Christiana; Elias,Christopher J.; Atisook,Ronachai; Bassett,Mary T.; Ettiegne-Traore,Virginie; Ghys,Peter D.; Jenkins-Woelk,Laura; Thongkrajai,Earmporn; VanDevanter,Nancy L.
Robert H. Ebert Program on Critical Issues in Reproductive Health Publication Series
Publication date: 1998


Levonorgestrel capsule implants in the United States: A 5-year study (abstract) (HTML
Sivin,Irving; Mishell,Daniel R.,Jr.; Darney,Philip; Wan,Livia; Christ,M.
Obstetrics and Gynecology 92: 337-344
Publication date: 1998


Comments on men, women, and unintended pregnancy 
Montgomery,Mark R.; Casterline,John B.; Lee,Ronald D.; Foote,Karen A.
from Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories,, pp. 100-106
Publication date: 1996


Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories 
Publication date: 1996


Self-employment as a means to women's economic self-sufficiency: Women Venture's business development program (PDF
McKee,Katharine; Gould,Sara; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 15)
Publication date: 1993


Children's living arrangements in developing countries 
Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Desai,Sonalde
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 31)
Publication date: 1991


Long-acting, more effective Copper T IUDs: A summary of U.S. experience, 1970-75 
Sivin,Irving; Stern,Janet
Studies in Family Planning 10(10): 263-281
Publication date: 1979


United States Fast Facts

Population (millions)313.9
Total fertility rate2.0
Infant deaths per 1,000 live births6.0
Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births24
Girls aged 20-24 married by age 18 (%)
HIV/AIDS prevalence (%)0.6
Living below US $2 per day (%)

Country statistics from Demographic and Health Surveys, 1987–2011; UNAIDS and UNICEF websites (accessed 10/22/2012); "World Population Data Sheet" (Population Reference Bureau, 2012)
 

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