November 2001

Meeting the Sexual Health Needs of
Men Who Have Sex with Men in Senegal

Study Methods

The researchers used ethnographic and survey methods to elicit information from MSM 18 years of age or older from several neighborhoods in Dakar. In the ethnographic phase, the researchers conducted group discussions and interviews with MSM and people who interact with them, such as bartenders, female sex workers, and taxi drivers. They also conducted observations at different sites, including places where MSM meet and gatherings in which MSM play a socially recognized role. In addition, the researchers developed case studies of eight MSM.

In the second phase, the researchers surveyed a convenience sample of 250 MSM. Survey respondents ranged in age from 18 to 53 years, with a mean age of 25 years. Eighty-two percent were single and 15 percent reported being married; some were in polygamous marriages. About a fourth of the men had children. More than a third of the sample were Wolof, with many other ethnic groups represented. The level of education was relatively low: 15 percent had never been to school and 55 percent did not complete elementary school. Respondents reported a range of income levels (low, middle, and high) and occupations, including professional athletes, mechanics, artists, laborers, merchants, Muslim marabous, and students. Twenty-four percent were unemployed.

The research team recruited informants by visiting areas frequented by MSM and by making contact and building trust with MSM and MSM leaders. As part of the research process, the research team spent a lot of time examining their own preconceived notions about sexuality, working through prejudices and taboos, and stressing the importance of maintaining the confidentiality of informants. All interviews were anonymous and informants were asked to provide oral informed consent. Upon consent, informants received a small stipend (2,500 FCFA) to cover travel costs, information on STIs and HIV/AIDS, and a referral for a free medical consultation and treatment.

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19 October 2007