Assessing the Patterns and Drivers of Migration/Mobility of Sex Workers and Male Workers and Examining the Links with HIV Risk
Council research is describing the volume and patterns of migration and mobility of vulnerable populations, examining the links between migration/mobility and HIV risk, and assessing the underlying and proximate determinants of HIV risk.
There is growing recognition of the importance of migration/mobility in the spread of HIV infection. However, empirical research on this subject has been negligible. Although intra- and interstate migration of men and female sex workers is common in India, little is known about their patterns of migration and the links of this mobility to the spread of HIV infection. Consequently, it has not been possible to design programs to prevent the spread of HIV infection in these vulnerable population groups. Both India’s National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Avahan initiative have placed special emphasis on the need to reduce HIV risk among mobile populations by implementing interventions to prevent the spread of the virus.
From November 2006 to November 2007, Population Council researchers undertook a study to examine the patterns of migration/mobility among female sex workers and male workers and their links with HIV risk. The goal was to provide evidence to inform the design and implementation of HIV interventions for male migrant workers.
The study was undertaken in collaboration with several Indian and international institutions in India and was conducted in several districts (sex worker studies took place in 22 districts; male worker studies took place in 21 districts) of four states that have a high HIV prevalence: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
Ethnographic and survey research was conducted to collect data on the patterns and routes of mobility and sexual risk behaviors of female sex workers and male workers. The study was conducted among more than 6,000 mobile female sex workers and 11,000 male migrant workers from the four states. Invaluable support was provided by Avahan; Avahan's partner NGOs, including NACO and state AIDS control societies; and other national and international organizations.
Note: This research study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The views expressed herein and publications from the study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Heading towards the Safer Highways: An assessment of the Avahan prevention programme among long distance truck drivers in India (abstract) (HTML)
Pandey,Arvind; Mishra,Ram Manohar; Sahu,Damodar; Benara,Sudhir K.; Sengupta,Uttpal; Paranjape,Ramesh S.; Abhishek,Gautam; Lenka,Satya R.; Adhikary,Rajatshurva
BMC Public Health 11(suppl 6): S15-
Publication date: 2012
Indicators of mobility, socio-economic vulnerabilities and HIV risk behaviours among mobile female sex workers in India (abstract)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Jain,Anrudh K.; Sebastian,Mary Philip; Singh,Rajendra; Reddy Modugu,Hanimi; Halli,Shiva S.; Verma,Ravi K.
AIDS and Behavior 16(4): 952-959
Publication date: 2012
Male migration/mobility and HIV among married couples: Cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from India (abstract)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Nair,Saritha; Malviya,Alankar; Decker,Michele R.; Silverman,Jay G.; Raj,Anita
AIDS and Behavior 16(6): 1649-1658
Publication date: 2012
Relationship between mobility, violence and HIV/STI among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Ramesh,Sowmya; Ganju,Deepika; Mahapatra,Bidhubhusan; Mishra,Ram Manohar; Saggurti,Niranjan
BMC Public Health 12: 764-
Publication date: 2012
Understanding out-migration among female sex workers in South India (abstract)
Banandur,Pradeep; Ramanaik,Satyanarayana; Manhart,Lisa E.; Buzdugan,Raluca; Mahapatra,Bidhubhusan; Isac,Shajy; Halli,Shiva S.; Washington,Reynold G.; Moses,Stephen; Blanchard,James F.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 39(10): 776-783
Publication date: 2012
Experience of violence and adverse reproductive health outcomes, HIV risks among mobile female sex workers in India (abstract) (PDF)
Swain,Suvakanta N.; Saggurti,Niranjan; Battala,Madhusudana; Verma,Ravi K.; Jain,Anrudh K.
BMC Public Heath 11: 357-
Publication date: 2011
Harsh realities: Reasons for women's involvement in sex work in India (abstract) (PDF)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Sabarwal,Shagun; Verma,Ravi K.; Halli,Shiva S.; Jain,Anrudh K.
Journal of AIDS and HIV Research 3(9): 172-179
Publication date: 2011
Male migration and risky sexual behavior in rural India: is the place of origin critical for HIV prevention programs? (abstract) (HTML)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Mahapatra,Bidhubhusan; Swain,Suvakanta N.; Jain,Anrudh K.
BMC Public Health 11(suppl 6): S6-
Publication date: 2011
Motivations for entry into sex work and HIV risk among mobile female sex workers in India (abstract)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Verma,Ravi K.; Halli,Shiva S.; Swain,Suvakanta N.; Singh,Rajendra; Reddy Modugu,Hanimi; RamaRao,Saumya; Mahapatra,Bidhubhusan; Jain,Anrudh K.
Journal of Biosocial Science 43(5): 535-554
Publication date: 2011
Relationship between reported prior condom use and current self-perceived risk of acquiring HIV among mobile female sex workers in southern India (abstract) (HTML)
Jain,Anrudh K.; Saggurti,Niranjan; Mahapatra,Bidhubhusan; Sebastian,Mary Philip; Modugu,Hanimi R.; Halli,Shiva S.; Verma,Ravi K.
BMC Public Health 11(suppl 6): S5-
Publication date: 2011
HIV risk behaviours among contracted and non-contracted male migrant workers in India: Potential role of labor contractors and contractual systems in HIV prevention (abstract)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Verma,Ravi K.; Jain,Anrudh K.; RamaRao,Saumya; Kumar,Anil K.; Subbiah,Anjaneyalu; Reddy Modugu,Hanimi; Halli,Shiva S.; Bharat,Shalini
AIDS 22(suppl 5): S127-S136
Publication date: 2008
Migration/mobility and vulnerability to HIV among male migrant workers: Andhra Pradesh 2007-08 (PDF)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Jain,Anrudh K.; RamaRao,Saumya; Reddy Modugu,Hanimi; Singh,Ajay Kumar; Swain,Suvakanta N.; Verma,Ravi K.
Publication date: 2008
Migration/mobility and vulnerability to HIV among male migrant workers: Karnataka 2007-08 (PDF)
Halli,Shiva S.; Buzdugan,Raluca; Saggurti,Niranjan; Verma,Ravi K.; Moses,Stephen; Blanchard,James; Jain,Anrudh K.; RamaRao,Saumya; Singh,Ajay Kumar; Swain,Suvakanta N.
Publication date: 2008
Migration/mobility and vulnerability to HIV among male migrant workers: Maharashtra 2007-08 (PDF)
Kumar,K.Anil; Bharat,Shalini; Saggurti,Niranjan; Verma,Ravi K.; Jain,Anrudh K.; RamaRao,Saumya; Mukherjee,Kanchan; Singh,Ajay Kumar; Swain,Suvakanta N.
Publication date: 2008
Migration/mobility and vulnerability to HIV among male migrant workers: Tamil Nadu 2007-08 (PDF)
Subbiah,Anjaneyalu; Ramachandran,S.; Ravi Shankar,A.K.; Saggurti,Niranjan; Verma,Ravi K.; Jain,Anrudh K.; RamaRao,Saumya; Swain,Suvakanta N.; Singh,Ajay Kumar
Publication date: 2008
Patterns and implications of male migration for HIV prevention strategies in Karnataka, India (PDF)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Verma,Ravi K.; Achyut,Pranita; RamaRao,Saumya; Jain,Anrudh K.
Technical Brief (no. 2)
Publication date: 2008
Patterns and implications of male migration for HIV prevention strategies in Maharashtra, India (PDF)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Verma,Ravi K.; Jain,Anrudh K.; Achyut,Pranita; RamaRao,Saumya
Technical Brief (no. 3)
Publication date: 2008
Patterns of migration/mobility and HIV risk among female sex workers: Andhra Pradesh 2007-08 (PDF)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Verma,Ravi K.; Reddy Modugu,Hanimi; RamaRao,Saumya; Singh,Ajay Kumar; Mahendra,Vaishali Sharma; Jain,Anrudh K.
Publication date: 2008
Patterns of migration/mobility and HIV risk among female sex workers: Karnataka 2007-08 (PDF)
Halli,Shiva S.; Buzdugan,Raluca; Verma,Ravi K.; Moses,Stephen; Blanchard,James; Jain,Anrudh K.; RamaRao,Saumya; Swain,Suvakanta N.; Saggurti,Niranjan
Publication date: 2008
Patterns of migration/mobility and HIV risk among female sex workers: Maharashtra 2007-08 (PDF)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Mahendra,Vaishali Sharma; Singh,Rajendra; RamaRao,Saumya; Swain,Suvakanta N.; Singh,Ajay Kumar; Jain,Anrudh K.; Verma,Ravi K.
Publication date: 2008
Patterns of migration/mobility and HIV risk among female sex workers: Tamil Nadu 2007-08 (PDF)
Saggurti,Niranjan; Verma,Ravi K.; Swain,Suvakanta N.; Reddy Modugu,Hanimi; Singh,Ajay Kumar; RamaRao,Saumya; Jain,Anrudh K.
Publication date: 2008
Patterns and implications of male migration for HIV prevention strategies in Andhra Pradesh (PDF)
Verma,Ravi K.; Saggurti,Niranjan; Das,Madhumita; RamaRao,Saumya; Jain,Anrudh K.
Technical Brief (no. 1)
Publication date: 2007
Project Stats
Location: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
Program(s):
HIV and AIDS
Topic(s):
Mobile populations
Sex workers
Duration: 12/2005 - 12/2008
Population Council researchers:
Anrudh K. Jain
Saroj Pachauri
Saumya RamaRao
Niranjan Saggurti
Non-Council collaborators:
Hanimi Reddy (TNS Pvt. Ltd.)
Radio Victoria
Shalini Bharat (Tata Institute of Social Sciences)
Shiva Halli (Karnataka Health Promotion Trust)
Donors:
Avahan, the India AIDS Initiative of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Get Involved
- Make a contribution to the Population Council
- Honor a loved one with a gift in their name
- Sign up to receive e-mail announcements
Connect
