Population Council Research that makes a difference

HIV, AIDS, and violence are three major and interrelated health problems affecting women worldwide. In 2001, researchers from Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences and Johns Hopkins University investigated the attitudes and experiences related to partner violence and HIV serostatus disclosure of women who seek voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). Both male and female informants associated violence with infidelity, which is an important risk factor for HIV infection. While community norms around gender encourage men to initiate sex, they seem to limit women’s ability to express their own needs and concerns. Moreover, informants described a great deal of mistrust that impedes communication.

Based on the findings from this study, a three-year follow-on study was conducted in Dar es Salaam to evaluate a community-based intervention for young men that aimed to change attitudes and behaviors related to partner violence, relationships, and HIV and AIDS.

The new study began in July 2003 with six months of formative research consisting of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with both young men and women. Implemented in two communities in Dar es Salaam, the intervention aimed to create peer and community support for transforming social norms to prevent the spread of HIV. It consisted of community theater and peer education, targeting young men 16–24 years old. Specifically, the intervention sought to encourage partner reduction and fidelity, and greater respect, trust, and communication in relationships.

Banner photo: © 2008 Bob Msangi, courtesy of Photoshare