PROJECT 
Action of Endocrine Disrupters on Leydig Cells

Publications/Resources
Council researchers' names appear in boldface type.

2007
Chen, Guo-Rong, L. Dong, Renshan Ge, and Matthew P. Hardy. "Relationship between phthalates and testicular dysgenesis syndrome," National Journal of Andrology 13(3):195–200.*

Ge, Renshan, Guo-Rong Chen, Cigdem Tanrikut, and Matthew P. Hardy. "Phthalate ester toxicity in Leydig cells: Developmental timing and dosage considerations," Reproductive Toxicology 23(3): 366–373.*

2005
"Low chemical exposure may speed male puberty," Population Briefs 11(3): 2. (full text)

2004
Akingbemi, Benson T., Renshan Ge, Gary R. Klinefelter, Barry R. Zirkin, and Matthew P. Hardy. “Phthalate-induced Leydig cell hyperplasia is associated with multiple endocrine disturbances,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101(3): 775–780.*

Akingbemi, Benson T., Chantal M. Sottas, Anna L. Koulova, Gary R. Klinefelter, and Matthew P. Hardy. “Inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis by the xenoestrogen bisphenol A is associated with reduced pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion and decreased steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in rat Leydig cells,” Endocrinology 145(2):
592–603.*

2003
Akingbemi, Benson T., Renshan Ge, Cheryl S. Rosenfeld, Leslie G. Newton, Diane O. Hardy, James F. Catterall, Dennis B. Lubahn, Kenneth S. Korach, and Matthew P. Hardy. “Estrogen receptor-a gene deficiency enhances androgen biosynthesis in the mouse Leydig cell,” Endocrinology 144(1): 84–93.*

2001
Akingbemi, Benson T. and Matthew P. Hardy. "Oestrogenic and antiandrogenic chemicals in the environment: effects on male reproductive health [review]," Annals of Medicine 33(6): 391–403.*

Akingbemi, Benson T., Robert T. Youker, Chantal M. Sottas, Renshan Ge, Emily Katz, Gary R. Klinefelter, Barry R. Zirkin, and Matthew P. Hardy. "Modulation of rat Leydig cell steroidogenic function by di(2-ethylhexylphthalate," Biology of Reproduction 65(4): 1252–1259.*

2000
Akingbemi, Benson T., Renshan Ge, Gary R. Klinefelter, Glen L. Gunsalus, and Matthew P. Hardy. "A metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2 bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, reduces testosterone biosynthesis in rat Leydig cells through suppression of steady-state mRNA levels of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme," Biology of Reproduction 62(3): 571–578.

* Not available from the Population Council.

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