Population Council Research that makes a difference

Abstract

Changes in sexual risk taking with antiretroviral treatment: Influence of context and gender norms in Mombasa, Kenya (HTML) 
Sarna,Avina; Chersich,Matthew F.; Okal,Jerry; Luchters,Stanley; Mandaliya,Kishorchandra N.; Rutenberg,Naomi; Temmerman,Marleen
Culture, Health and Sexuality 11(8): 783-797
Publication date: 2009

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In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 sexually active adults receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Mombasa, Kenya, to understand changes in sexual behavior after treatment initiation and factors influencing condom use. Advanced HIV disease had previously led to marked decreases in sexual desire and function. After HIV testing, numbers of partners reduced and monogamous relationships began to predominate. Receipt of ART strengthened these changes, while improving sexual health. However, concurrent sexual partnerships continue within polygamous marriage, and unprotected sex occurs with regular partners, even those who are HIV-negative. Those who used condoms inconsistently prior to ART often remained inconsistent users thereafter. While disclosure of HIV status appeared to support condom use, this does not always predict protected sex. In addition to classic perceptions about condoms' effect on intimacy and trust, traditional gender roles, misconceptions about potential harm from condoms, and fertility desires hinder condom use.

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