Feminists and Neo-Malthusians: Past and Present Alliances
Dennis Hodgson, Professor of Sociology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut
Susan Cotts Watkins, Professor of Sociology and member of the Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania This article examines a century of interactions between American feminists and American social movements seeking to influence population trends. The historical analysis focuses on relations between feminists and neo-Malthusians and attempts to determine when they are likely to enter into alliances. The two movements are found to be neither natural allies nor natural enemies. Sturdy alliances arise when both movements agree on certain ideological premises, share a common demographic goal, and perceive mutual benefit in an alliance. The origin of the "common ground" alliance between American feminists and American neo-Malthusians that was so prominently displayed at the International Conference on Population and Development at Cairo is examined. Since the two movements currently are found to possess no clear common goals, to share no basic ideological beliefs, and to have entered a relationship of questionable mutual benefit, the alliance is considered to be fragile. [23, no. 3 (Sep 97) 469-523]
Intergenerational Resource Flows in Côte d'Ivoire: Empirical Analysis of Aggregate Flows
Guy Stecklov, Lady Davis Postdoctoral Fellow, Demography Department, Hebrew University, Jerusalem The theoretical importance of intergenerational resource flows has been recognized since John Caldwell's 1976 article on the direction of wealth flows and fertility decline. Nevertheless, to date, there has been no formal measurement of the direction and magnitude of intergenerational wealth flows for any high-fertility country. The analytical framework in this article allows separate measurement and analysis of resource flows through various channels including the family, market, and public sector. High-quality data from Côte d'Ivoire are used to show that in contradiction to Caldwell's claim, wealth flows are downward from older to younger generations in this high-fertility setting. Families in Côte d'Ivoire on average make net transfers to their children, just as they do in developed societies. However, resource transfers through the public sector in Côte d'Ivoire also appear to flow from older to younger generations rather than from younger to older as is found in most developed societies. [23, no. 3 (Sep 97) 525-553]
Trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in the United States, 1970-90
Eileen M. Crimmins, Edna M. Jones Professor of Gerontology, Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
Yasuhiko Saito, Research Associate Professor, Center for Information Networking, Nihon University, Tokyo
Dominique Ingegneri, Lead Research Analyst, Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Regional Office, Pasadena This article provides estimates of active life expectancy, defined as disability-free life expectancy, for males and females for three dates: 1970, 1980, and 1990. Increases in life expectancy during the 1980s were concentrated in years without disability. This contrasts with the preceding decade during which almost all of the increase in life expectancy was in years spent with disability. Recent increases in both total life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy have been greater for males than for females. The primary reason for the increase in disability-free life during the 1980s is a decrease in the proportion of the population who are disabled among those in their late 50s and their 60s. [23, no. 3 (Sep 97) 555-572]
Data and Perspectives Paradoxes of Health Transition in Europe's Poorest Country: Albania 1950-90
Arjan Gjonça, Research Officer in Population Studies, Department of Social Policy and Administration, London School of Economics and Political Science
Chris Wilson, Fellow, Demography Program, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, and Visiting Associate Professor, International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Kyoto
Jane Falkingham, Lecturer in Population Studies, Department of Social Policy and Administration, London School of Economics and Political Science Scholars interested in the ways in which good health, as measured by levels of mortality, can be achieved at low cost have paid considerable attention to countries and regions in Asia and Latin America where this has been accomplished. Until recently the analogous experience of a poor developing country in Europe, Albania, was impossible to study, because of the totalitarian and isolationist policies of the communist regime that ruled the country from 1944 to 1990. The authors chart the main trends in mortality transition in Albania, examine the underlying and proximate causes of the mortality decline, and consider the wider relevance of the results. They conclude with a discussion of postcommunist developments in the country and their influence on mortality change. [23, no. 3 (Sep 97) 585-609]
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