Population Council Research that makes a difference

Studies in Family Planning

June 2013, Vol. 44, No. 2 (Full article access available to subscribers)

Articles

• Timing of Orphanhood, Early Sexual Debut, and Early Marriage in Four Sub-Saharan African Countries / Sophia Chae
  
  According to a growing body of literature, some orphans are at heightened risk of early sexual debut and early marriage. This study examines a rarely explored aspect of orphanhood: the timing and type of parental death and their relationship to these outcomes. The study also explores whether education mediates orphans’ risk of early sexual initiation and early marriage. The data are drawn from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents, which includes interviews with 12–19-year-old adolescents in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda. Results from discrete-time event history analysis indicate that female double orphans, regardless of timing of orphanhood, have greater odds of early sexual debut than do nonorphans. Education explains little of their increased risk. In contrast, male orphans of any type reveal no increased vulnerability to early sexual debut. Uganda is the only country where female orphans, specifically double orphans and those who are paternal orphans before age 10, have greater odds of early marriage, with education accounting for a small portion of the risk. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[2]: 123–146)
  
  
• The Influence of Older Classmates on Adolescent Sexual Behavior in Cape Town, South Africa / David Lam, Letícia J. Marteleto, and Vimal Ranchhod
  
  This study examines the influence of exposure to older within-grade peers on sexual behavior among students in urban South Africa. Data are drawn from the Cape Area Panel Study, a longitudinal survey of young people conducted in metropolitan Cape Town from 2002 to 2006. The combination of early sexual debut, high rates of school enrollment into the late teens, and grade repetition create an environment in which young people who progress through school ahead of many in their cohort interact with classmates who may be several years older. We construct a measure of cumulative exposure to classmates who are at least two years older and show that such exposure is statistically significantly associated with early sexual initiation among adolescent girls. This exposure also increases the age difference between these girls and their first sexual partner, and helps explain a significant proportion of the earlier sexual debut of African girls, compared with colored and white girls in Cape Town. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[2]: 147–167)
  
  
• Individual- and School-Level Correlates of HIV Testing among Secondary School Students in Kenya / Eric Y. Tenkorang and Eleanor Maticka-Tyndale
  
  

  The policy framework guiding Kenya’s response to the AIDS epidemic identifies voluntary counseling and testing as crucial to risk reduction and HIV- preventive activities. Yet in Kenya, as in most sub-Saharan countries, voluntary testing rates are low, especially among young people. Using hierarchical linear models, we identify both individual- and teacher/school-level factors that affect voluntary HIV testing among secondary school students in Kenya. Results indicate that adolescents are more likely to test for HIV serostatus when they are knowledgeable about testing, have been involved in HIV/AIDS activities in primary school, have been provided with HIV information in secondary school, perceive themselves as at high risk of contracting HIV or know of someone infected with or who has died from HIV/AIDS, and have ever engaged in sexual intercourse. Barriers include fear of going to testing centers and being perceived as HIV-positive. Teacher/school-level characteristics are relevant for explaining rates of HIV testing, especially among girls. To encourage testing, policymakers should attend to teacher/school-level factors as well as individual characteristics of students. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[2]: 169–187)

• Estimates of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in 27 African Countries and Yemen / P. Stanley Yoder, Shanxiao Wang, and Elise Johansen
  
  The practice of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) has been documented in many countries in Africa and in several countries in Asia and the Middle East, yet producing reliable data concerning its prevalence and the numbers of girls and women affected has proved a major challenge. This study provides estimates of the total number of women aged 15 years and older who have undergone FGM/C in 27 African countries and Yemen. Drawing on national population-based survey data regarding FGM/C prevalence and census data regarding the number of women in each country, we find that almost 87 million girls and women aged 15 and older have been cut in these 28 countries. Producing reliable figures for the number of women affected by FGM/C in these countries allows researchers and program directors to better comprehend the impact of the practice and to mobilize resources for advocacy against it. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[2]: 189–204)
  
  
• Assessing the Quality of Data Regarding Use of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method / Madeleine Short Fabic and Yoonjoung Choi
  
  This study assesses the quality of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data regarding self-reported current use of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM). LAM is an important modern contraceptive method that, when practiced correctly, has a 98 percent effectiveness rate six-months postpartum. The objectives of this study are to examine the accuracy of self-reported LAM use, compared with the constructed correct-practice variable, and to explore differentials in accuracy measures by characteristics at the individual and survey level by analyzing data from 73 DHSs conducted in 45 countries between 1998 and 2011. Findings reveal that only 26 percent of reported LAM users meet the criteria for correct LAM practice. We discuss the implications for future DHS data collection and for family planning and maternal and child health programming. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[2]: 205–221)
  
  

Data (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[2]: 223–242)

• Cameroon 2011: Results from the Demographic and Health Survey
• Ethiopia 2011: Results from the Demographic and Health Survey

To read abstracts or search contents of previous volumes, visit Wiley Online Library (volumes 30–43, 1999–2012) or JSTOR (volumes 1–40, 1963–2009).

 

Studies in Family Planning

Cumulative Index
Volumes 22–42, 1991–2011

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To search contents of previous volumes, visit Wiley Online Library (volumes 30–42, 1999–2011) or JSTOR (volumes 1–41, 1963–2010).

 

Studies in Family Planning

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Studies in Family Planning

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Studies in Family Planning
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