Broadly defined, livelihoods includes the acquisition of skills to become economically productive, including financial capabilities, access to savings, access to credit, and formal-sector employment. Although programs such as microfinance schemes exist for adults, few programs address the need of adolescents to gain age- and developmentally appropriate financial skills to make a successful transition into the work world.
Population Council focus
As part of their portfolio on transitions to adulthood, Council researchers give special attention to access to livelihoods, particularly for girls, during the adolescent years and prior to marriage as an important means to greater autonomy and empowerment. In addition to considering participants’ age, sex, life-cycle stage, and other factors, Council researchers are finding social support to be an integral feature of adolescent livelihood programs; a mentoring component can multiply the economic benefits gained. Programs integrating financial skills, savings, and social support have been piloted and evaluated in Bangladesh, Egypt, Guatemala, India, Kenya, South Africa, and Vietnam.
Population Council impact
- In South Africa, a financial education curriculum was tested with out-of-school youth; participants attained and put into practice new financial knowledge and skills. In addition, positive spillover effects were observed among family members of participants. The Council currently is collaborating with the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education and the Isihlangu Health and Development Agency (IHDA) to test the impact of a similar curriculum, "Siyakha Nentsha," with secondary school students.
-
In Bangladesh, Council research has demonstrated that participation in a livelihoods, savings, and credit program ("Kishori Abhijan") increased the number of girls working for cash and supplemented the amount of income they earned. Currently, Council researchers are comparing a novel personal financial education curriculum implemented by mentors with a more conventional teaching method for adolescents.
Future directions
With the guidance of the Council and IHDA, the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education now has plans in place to introduce the "Siyakha Nentsha" curriculum to additional schools in the Durban metro area starting during the 2010 school year.
Projects
Abriendo Oportunidades: Creating Opportunities for Mayan Girls and Young Women (more)
This national program is providing the most vulnerable indigenous Mayan girls and young women in Guatemala with personal and professional development skills, mentorship, and leadership opportunities.
(6/2002 - ongoing)
Guatemala
Developing Capacity for Targeted, Evidence-based Programming and Asset Building for Adolescent Girls (more)
The Council is helping to build the capacity of NGOs, UN country teams, and government agencies to develop effective health, social, and economic asset-building programs for adolescent girls.
(1/2008 - ongoing)
Global, Kenya, Liberia
Enhancing the Economic, Health, and Social Capabilities of Highly Vulnerable Youth (more)
"Siyakha Nentsha" (isiZulu for "building with young people") is responding to the unmet needs of young people in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and helping them learn how to manage their daily economic, social, and health challenges.
(11/2007 - ongoing)
South Africa
Schooling, Livelihoods, and Marriage (more)
This project studies the impact of two large-scale interventions, a secondary school scholarship scheme and a pilot scheme to impart livelihood skills to adolescent girls, both designed to improve girls’ opportunities and delay marriage.
(1/1997 - ongoing)
Bangladesh
Survey of Young People in Egypt (more)
Council researchers conducted a nationally representative survey covering 15,000 young people in Egypt aged 10–29 to update the state of knowledge on youth and adolescents in Egypt on issues of health, education, employment, family formation, and civic participation.
(3/2008 - ongoing)
Egypt
Biruh Tesfa: Safe Spaces for Out-of-school Girls in Urban Slum Areas of Ethiopia (more)
Biruh Tesfa protects the rights of vulnerable urban girls by reducing their social isolation and providing them with health information, including HIV prevention, and services to address sexual exploitation and abuse.
(1/2007 - 12/2013)
Ethiopia
Migrant Adolescent Girls in Domestic Service: Building the Evidence Base on a Vulnerable Population (more)
Population Council researchers are working with local NGOs to implement and test an intervention for migrant girls in domestic service in urban Burkina Faso that builds skills in health and hygiene with a focus on sexual and reproductive health, numeracy and financial capabilities, and life skills.
(1/2011 - 12/2013)
Burkina Faso
Our Girls, Our Future: Building Synergy to End Violence Against Girls in Zambia (more)
By creating safe spaces for adolescent girls in Lusaka, Zambia, the Council is part of a coalition that is helping to build girls' social, health, and economic assets in order to prevent sexual and gender-based violence.
(2/2010 - 12/2012)
Zambia
Safe and Smart Savings Products for Vulnerable Adolescent Girls in Kenya and Uganda (more)
Working with financial institutions and girls' programs in Kenya and Uganda, Council researchers are developing appropriate ways for adolescent girls to gain financial literacy and save money.
(6/2008 - 5/2012)
Kenya, Uganda
Reducing HIV Among At-risk Wives in India (RHANI Wives Project) (more)
Council researchers are developing an intervention exclusively for married Indian women to build their negotiation skills with husbands who practice high-risk behaviors.
(4/2009 - 6/2011)
India
Adolescent Safe Spaces, Health, and Skills for Adulthood in Urban Ghana (more)
This safe spaces program provides 12–15-year-old urban adolescent females in Ghana with social, economic, and health assets.
(1/2009 - 3/2011)
Ghana
Promoting Financial Education Through Mentoring Relationships (more)
Council researchers have been testing a new personal financial education curriculum through mentoring relationships against a more conventional teaching method for adolescents in Bangladesh.
(9/2009 - 9/2010)
Bangladesh
Gender and Work in the Middle East and North Africa: Research Capacity-building Activities (more)
The Population Council is providing young researchers with mentoring and research peer review so that they may pursue high-quality research in the area of gender and work.
(1/2008 - 1/2010)
Egypt, Jordan, Middle East, Morocco, Sudan
Poverty, Job Quality, and Labor Market Dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa (more)
Council researchers are investigating poverty, job quality, and labor market dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa.
(8/2007 - 7/2009)
Egypt, Jordan, Morocco
Technical Guidance to Strengthen the GOAL Program (more)
The Population Council is working with a community initiative in India that uses sports and education to empower young women to strengthen its content, design, and measurement framework.
(1/2009 - 7/2009)
India
Building Programs for Adolescents in Kibera, Nairobi (more)
Council researchers are broadening understanding of the adolescent experience in slum areas of Nairobi, Kenya, and developing context-appropriate programs for them.
(6/2006 - 5/2009)
Kenya
Findings from Recent and Ongoing Youth and Family Studies in Vietnam (more)
Council researchers conducted a large-scale adolescent survey and an in-depth study of four rural communes in Vietnam to explore how patterns of transitions to adulthood, particularly decisions about schooling, marriage, and work, are affected by rapidly changing opportunity structures associated with economic opening or “doi moi.”
(1/1999 - 12/2008)
Vietnam
The Social Context of Youth Employment: A Qualitative Study of Workforce Entry and Exit (more)
Council researchers are performing a qualitative study of young people’s workforce participation in Egypt.
(3/2005 - 3/2007)
Egypt
Intra-household Resource Allocation in Egypt: Women's Empowerment and Investment in Children (more)
The Council studied intra-household decision-making, women's status, and child investment in Egypt.
(2/2006 - 1/2007)
Egypt
Resources
Challenges facing the Egyptian education system: Access, quality, and inequality (PDF)
Krafft,Caroline
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 2)
Publication date: 2012
Challenges facing the Egyptian education system: Access, quality, and inequality [Arabic] (PDF)
Krafft,Caroline
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 2)
Publication date: 2012
Female disadvantage in the Egyptian labor market: A youth perspective (PDF)
Sieverding,Maia
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 4)
Publication date: 2012
Female disadvantage in the Egyptian labor market: A youth perspective [Arabic] (PDF)
Sieverding,Maia
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 4)
Publication date: 2012
Is early childhood care and education a good investment for Egypt? Estimates of educational impacts, costs, and benefits (PDF)
Krafft,Caroline
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 3)
Publication date: 2012
Is early childhood care and education a good investment for Egypt? Estimates of educational impacts, costs, and benefits [Arabic] (PDF)
Krafft,Caroline
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 3)
Publication date: 2012
The reproductive health of young people in Egypt (PDF)
Abdel-Tawab,Nahla; Roushdy,Noha; Sieverding,Maia
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 1)
Publication date: 2012
The reproductive health of young people in Egypt [Arabic] (PDF)
Abdel-Tawab,Nahla; Roushdy,Noha; Sieverding,Maia
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 1)
Publication date: 2012
Youth perspectives on entrepreneurship in Egypt: Barriers to entrepreneurship as a means to combat youth unemployment (PDF)
Sieverding,Maia
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 5)
Publication date: 2012
Youth perspectives on entrepreneurship in Egypt: Barriers to entrepreneurship as a means to combat youth unemployment [Arabic] (PDF)
Sieverding,Maia
Survey of Young People in Egypt Policy Brief (no. 5)
Publication date: 2012
Siyakha Nentsha: Building economic, health, and social capabilities among highly vulnerable adolescents in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (PDF)
Hallman,Kelly; Roca,Eva
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 4)
Publication date: 2011
Biruh Tesfa ('Bright Future') program provides domestic workers, orphans and migrants in urban Ethiopia with social support, HIV education and skills (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Gebru,Herma; Mekonnen,Gebeyehu
Program brief
Publication date: 2011
Conception d'un programme centré sur les filles : Boîte à outils pour l'elaboration, le renforcement et l'expansion de programmes destinés aux adolescentes (PDF)
Austrian,Karen; Ghati,Dennitah
Publication date: 2011
Decrease of youth participation in the labor market in the Palestinian territories: Reasons and determinants from gender prospects [Arabic] (PDF)
Majeed,Ayman Abdul
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 14)
Publication date: 2011
Diseño de un Programa Centrado en las Niñas: Un juego de herramientas para desarrollar, fortalecer y expandir programas para niñas adolescentes (PDF)
Austrian,Karen; Ghati,Dennitah
Publication date: 2011
Empowering adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh: Kishori Abhijan (PDF)
Amin,Sajeda
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 13)
Publication date: 2011
Enhancing the benefits of girls' livelihood initiatives (PDF)
Amin,Sajeda
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 17)
Publication date: 2011
Equipping Mayan girls to improve their lives (PDF)
Catino,Jennifer; Colom,Alejandra; Ruiz,Marta Julia
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 5)
Publication date: 2011
Factors of career mobility in Egypt by gender (PDF)
Gadallah,May
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 16)
Publication date: 2011
Female wages in the Egyptian textiles and clothing industry: Low pay or discrimination? (PDF)
El-Haddad,Amirah
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 13)
Publication date: 2011
Filles éveillées: Programme pour les adolescentes employées de maison--Guide du mentor (PDF)
Population Council
Publication date: 2011
Introducing adolescent livelihoods training in the slums of Allahabad, India (PDF)
Grant,Monica J.; Mensch,Barbara S.; Sebastian,Mary Philip
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 2)
Publication date: 2011
La dynamique de la discrimination salariale et de l'équité gendorielle sur le marché du travail au Maroc (PDF)
Zouari,Sami
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 20)
Publication date: 2011
Le travail des femmes dans le secteur agricole: Entre précarité et empowerment--Cas de trois régions en Egypte, au Maroc et en Tunisie (PDF)
Bouzidi,Zhour; El Nour,Saker; Moumen,Wided
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 22)
Publication date: 2011
On trade policies and wage disparity in Egypt: Evidence from microeconomic data (PDF)
Zaki,Chahir
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 15)
Publication date: 2011
Preparación de las niñas mayas para mejorar su calidad de vida (PDF)
Catino,Jennifer; Colom,Alejandra; Ruiz,Marta Julia
Promoción de transiciones a la vida adulta sanas, seguras y productivas Resumen (no. 5)
Publication date: 2011
Rethinking the time allocation of Egyptian females: A matching analysis (PDF)
Hardy,Rana
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 17)
Publication date: 2011
Scaling up asset-building programs for marginalized adolescent girls in socially conservative settings: The Ishraq program in rural Upper Egypt (PDF)
Zibani,Nadia; Brady,Martha
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 12)
Publication date: 2011
The realities of 'choice' in Africa: Implications for sexuality, vulnerability, and HIV/AIDS (HTML)
Undie,Chi-Chi; Tamale,Sylvia
from African Sexualities: A Reader, pp. 521-523
Publication date: 2011
Transition from higher education to the labor market: Unemployment among graduates from the gender perspective in the Palestinian Territory (PDF)
Alkafri,Saleh
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 19)
Publication date: 2011
Women's economic resources and bargaining in marriage: Does Egyptian women's status depend on earnings or marriage payments? (PDF)
Salem,Rania
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 18)
Publication date: 2011
Women's job search behavior in the Egyptian labor market (PDF)
Abdel Mowla,Somaya
Gender and Work in the MENA Region Working Paper (no. 21)
Publication date: 2011
Young Women: Your Future, Your Money--Workbook for Girls ages 10-14 in Kenya (PDF)
Population Council; Microfinance Opportunities
Publication date: 2011
Young Women: Your Future, Your Money--Workbook for Girls ages 10-14 in Uganda (PDF)
Population Council; Microfinance Opportunities
Publication date: 2011
Young Women: Your Future, Your Money--Workbook for Girls ages 15-19 in Kenya (PDF)
Population Council; Microfinance Opportunities
Publication date: 2011
Young Women: Your Future, Your Money--Workbook for Girls ages 15-19 in Uganda (PDF)
Population Council; Microfinance Opportunities
Publication date: 2011
"Survey of Young People in Egypt: Summary of results," fact sheet (HTML)
Publication date: 2010
The nature of mothers' work and children's schooling in Nepal: The influence of income and time effects
(PDF)
Bajracharya,Ashish
Poverty, Gender, and Youth Working Paper (no. 21)
Publication date: 2010
Ethiopia gender survey: A study in seven regions (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw; Ambelu,Worku; Girma,Woldemariam; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhi,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Report
Publication date: 2010
Ethiopia young adult survey: A study in seven regions (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw; Ambelu,Worku; Girma,Woldemariam; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhi,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Publication date: 2010
Girl-centered program design: A toolkit to develop, strengthen and expand adolescent girls programs (HTML)
Austrian,Karen; Ghati,Dennitah
Publication date: 2010
Kishor-kishorider jonno ortho sikkha [Financial education for adolescents] (PDF)
Ainul,Sigma; Khatun,Marzina; Mahbooba,Najneen
Publication date: 2010
Kishor-kishorider jonno ortho sikkha: Dishari shohayika [Financial education for adolescents: Mentor's manual] (PDF)
Ainul,Sigma; Khatun,Marzina; Mahbooba,Najneen
Publication date: 2010
Kishor-kishorider jonno ortho sikkha: Shikkhok shahayika [Financial education for adolescents: Teacher's manual] (PDF)
Ainul,Sigma; Khatun,Marzina; Mahbooba,Najneen
Publication date: 2010
Survey of Young People in Egypt: Final report and data sets (PDF)
Final report
Publication date: 2010
Survey of Young People in Egypt: Final report and data sets [Arabic] (PDF) (HTML)
Publication date: 2010
Survey of young people in Egypt: Preliminary report (PDF)
Publication date: 2010
White paper: Enhancing adolescent financial capabilities through financial education in Bangladesh (PDF)
Amin,Sajeda; Rahman,Laila; Ainul,Sigma; Rob,Ubaidur; Zaman,Bushra; Akter,Rinat
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Addis Ababa
Ambelu,Worku; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw; Girma,Woldemariam; Dessalegn,B.; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Addis Ababa
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, October
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Afar region
Ambelu,Worku; Ferede,Abebaw; Girma,Woldemariam; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Dessalegn,B.; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Amhara region
Ferede,Abebaw; Ambelu,Worku; Girma,Woldemariam; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Dessalegn,B.; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Amhara Region
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, October
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Oromiya Region
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, November
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Oromiya region
Ferede,Abebaw; Girma,Woldemariam; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Dessalegn,B.; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region
Girma,Woldemariam; Ferede,Abebaw; Ambelu,Worku; Erulkar,Annabel S.; Dessalegn,B.; Amdemikael,Helen; GebreMedhin,Behailu; Legesse,Berhanu; Tameru,Ayehualem; Teferi,Messay
Research report
Publication date: 2010
Young adult and gender survey: Tigray region
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, November
Publication date: 2010
Youth and gender survey: Afar region
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, November
Publication date: 2010
Youth and gender survey: Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region (SNNPR)
Muthengi,Eunice; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Research Brief, November
Publication date: 2010
Adolescent girls programming and capacity-building workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, November 10-14, 2008: Workshop report (PDF)
Publication date: 2009
Broadening girls' horizons: Effects of life skills education programme in rural Uttar Pradesh (PDF)
Acharya,Rajib; Kalyanwala,Shveta; Jejeebhoy,Shireen J.; Nathani,Vinita
Publication date: 2009
Integrating financial education and savings opportunities into health interventions for adolescent girls in the Kibera slum of Nairobi, Kenya (PDF)
in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Urban Health, Nairobi, 18-23 October
Austrian,Karen; Ngurukie,Corrinne; Sakwa,Caroline
Publication date: 2009
Princess Savings Account frequently asked questions (PDF)
Publication date: 2009
Safe and smart savings products for vulnerable adolescent girls in Kenya and Uganda (PDF)
Austrian,Karen; Ngurukie,Corrinne
Youth-Inclusive Financial Services Case Study (no. 3)
Publication date: 2009
Social exclusion and early or unwanted sexual initiation among poor urban females in Ethiopia (abstract)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw
International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35(4): 186-193
Publication date: 2009
Selective inclusion or active discrimination? Women and the labour market in Bangladesh
Amin,Sajeda
from Emerging Issues in Bangladesh Economy: A Review of Bangladesh's Development 2005-06, pp. 305-322
Publication date: 2008
Adolescence in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Matheka,James K.
Publication date: 2007
Adolescent girls' social support and livelihood program design workshop: Summary (PDF)
Report of a workshop sponsored by the Population Council and University of California/San Francisco, Nairobi, Kenya, 22-23 March 2006
Publication date: 2007
Influencing girls' lives: Acceptability and effectiveness of a livelihoods skill building intervention in Gujarat (PDF)
Kalyanwala,Shveta
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 18)
Publication date: 2007
Leave no woman behind, Ethiopia: Baseline report (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Amdemikael,Helen; Conille,Garry
Publication date: 2007
Maquiladoras and market mamas: Women's work and childcare in Guatemala City and Accra (abstract)
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly; Ruel,Marie T.
Journal of Development Studies 43(3): 420-455
Publication date: 2007
The girls left behind: Outside the box and out of reach (HTML)
Bruce,Judith
Global AIDSLink 101
Publication date: 2007
Differential use of adolescent reproductive health programs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (abstract)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Simie,Negussie; Gulema,Tsehai
Journal of Adolescent Health 38(3): 253-260
Publication date: 2006
Influencing girls' lives: Acceptability and effectiveness of a livelihoods skill building intervention in Gujarat (PDF)
Update, (October)
Publication date: 2006
Influencing girls' lives: Acceptability and effectiveness of a livelihoods skill building intervention in Gujarat (PDF)
SEWA; SEWA Academy; Kalyanwala,Shveta; Acharya,Rajib; Deshpande,Sunetra
Publication date: 2006
Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health programme for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF)
Update, (October)
Publication date: 2006
Measuring women's work: A methodological exploration (PDF)
Langsten,Ray; Salem,Rania
Working Paper
Publication date: 2006
Note from the field: Improving programs to support most vulnerable youth (PDF)
Publication date: 2006
Spending, saving and borrowing: Perceptions and experiences of girls in Gujarat (PDF)
Update, (October)
Publication date: 2006
Spending, saving and borrowing: Perceptions and experiences of girls in Gujarat (PDF)
Kalyanwala,Shveta; Sebstad,Jennefer
Publication date: 2006
Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY) Program: Providing social support, savings, and microcredit opportunities to adolescent girls at risk for HIV/AIDS in Kenya (PDF)
Hall,Joan; Dondo,Aleke; Sebstad,Jennefer
Microfinance Brief
Publication date: 2006
Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY): Providing social support, savings, and microcredit opportunities for young women in areas with high HIV prevalence (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Bruce,Judith; Chong,Erica; Dondo,Aleke; Sebstad,Jennefer; Matheka,James K.; Khan,Arjmand Banu; Gathuku,Anne
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 15)
Publication date: 2006
Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY): Providing social support, savings, and microcredit opportunities for young women in areas with high HIV prevalence (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Bruce,Judith; Dondo,Aleke; Sebstad,Jennefer; Matheka,James K.; Khan,Arjmand Banu; Gathuku,Anne
SEEDS (no. 23)
Publication date: 2006
The girls left behind: The failed reach of current schooling, child health, youth-serving, and livelihoods programs for girls living in the path of HIV
Bruce,Judith; Haberland,Nicole; Chong,Erica; Grant,Monica J.; Joyce,Amy
Policy paper
Publication date: 2006
The Guatemala Community Day Care Program: An example of effective urban programming (PDF)
Ruel,Marie T.; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly; de la Briere,Benedicte; Coj de Salazar,Nora
IFPRI Research Report no. 144
Publication date: 2006
The implications of trade liberalization for working women's marriage: Case studies of Bangladesh, Egypt and Vietnam
Amin,Sajeda; Grown,Caren; Braunstein,Elissa; Malhotra,Anju
from Trading Women's Health & Rights? Trade Liberalization and Reproductive Health in Developing Countries, pp. 97-120
Publication date: 2006
Who gets credit? The gendered division of microfinance programs in Egypt (abstract)
Barsoum,Ghada
Canadian Journal of Development Studies 27(1): 51-64
Publication date: 2006
Building assets for safe, productive lives: A report on a workshop on adolescent girls' livelihoods, 7-8 April 2004 (PDF)
Publication date: 2005
Can livelihoods training alter girls' lives? (PDF)
Population Briefs 11(3)
Publication date: 2005
Evaluation of a savings and micro-credit program for vulnerable young women in Nairobi (PDF)
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Chong,Erica
Publication date: 2005
India: Enhancing girls' life skills requires long-term commitment (PDF)
FRONTIERS OR Summary (no. 53)
Publication date: 2005
Marriage in transition: Evidence on age, education, and assets from six developing countries
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Behrman,Jere R.; Stromquist,Nelly P.; Cohen,Barney
from The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries: Selected Studies, pp. 200-269
Publication date: 2005
Microcredit and households coping with HIV/AIDS: A case study from Zimbabwe (abstract) (HTML)
Barnes,Carolyn
Journal of Microfinance 7(1): 55-77
Publication date: 2005
Mothers' work and child care: Findings from the urban slums of Guatemala (abstract)
Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Ruel,Marie T.; de la Briere,Benedicte
Economic Development and Cultural Change 53(4): 855-886
Publication date: 2005
The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries: Selected Studies (PDF) (HTML)
National Research Council; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Behrman,Jere R.; Stromquist,Nelly P.; Cohen,Barney
Publication date: 2005
Women's participation in disaster relief and recovery (PDF)
Yonder,Ayse; Akcar,Sengul; Gopalan,Prema; Schilen,Sandy
SEEDS (no. 22)
Publication date: 2005
Education, wage work, and marriage: Perspectives of Egyptian working women (abstract)
Amin,Sajeda; Al-Bassusi,Nagah H.
Journal of Marriage and Family 66(5): 1287-1299
Publication date: 2004
Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF)
Huntington,Dale; Sebastian,Mary Philip; Mensch,Barbara S.; Clark,Wesley H.; Narain Singh,Aditya; Roychowdhury,Sohini; Khan,M.E.; Selvam,Nirmala; Patel,Bella C.; Barge,Sandhya; Gupta,Y.P.; Johri,Lovleen; Biswas,Gita; Shenoy,Manohar
FRONTIERS Final Report
Publication date: 2004
Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health programme for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF)
Sebastian,Mary Philip; Grant,Monica J.; Mensch,Barbara S.
Final report
Publication date: 2004
Intrahousehold resource allocation in Egypt: Does women's empowerment lead to greater investments in children?
Roushdy,Rania
Economic Research Forum (ERF) Working Paper (no. 200410)
Publication date: 2004
Moyens de subsistance des adolescentes. Questions primordiales et outils essentiels : Rapport d'un atelier [Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report on a Workshop] (PDF)
Publication date: 2004
The effect of a livelihoods intervention in an urban slum in India: Do vocational counseling and training alter the attitudes and behavior of adolescent girls? (PDF)
Mensch,Barbara S.; Grant,Monica J.; Sebastian,Mary Philip; Hewett,Paul C.; Huntington,Dale
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 194)
Publication date: 2004
Maquiladoras and market mamas: Women's work and childcare in Guatemala City and Accra (PDF)
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly; Ruel,Marie T.
Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper (no. 153)
Publication date: 2003
Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan 2001-2002: A Nationally Representative Survey (PDF)
Sathar,Zeba A.; ul Haque,Minhaj; Faizunnissa,Azeema; Sultana,Munawar; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Diers,Judith A.; Grant,Monica J.
Publication date: 2003
Building livelihood options for adolescent girls and boys in Kenya
Khan,Arjmand Banu; Gathuku,Anne
Research Update
Publication date: 2003
Building livelihoods, skills, and opportunities for adolescent girls in Ahmedabad and Vadodara districts, Gujarat, India
Widge,Anjali; Sebstad,Jennefer; Deshpande,Sunetra; Kalyanwala,Shveta
Research Update
Publication date: 2003
Childcare and work: Joint decisions among women in poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City (PDF)
Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Ruel,Marie T.; de la Briere,Benedicte
Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper (no. 151)
Publication date: 2003
Does microcredit reach the poor and vulnerable? Evidence from northern Bangladesh (abstract)
Amin,Sajeda; Ashok,S.Rai; Topa,Giorgio
Journal of Development Economics 70(1): 59-82
Publication date: 2003
Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India
Sebastian,Mary Philip; Roychowdhury,Sohini; Huntington,Dale; Narain Singh,Aditya; Kalkot,Meetu; Selvam,Nirmala
FRONTIERS Trainers' Guide
Publication date: 2003
Marriage in transition: Evidence on age, education, and assets from six developing countries (PDF)
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 183)
Publication date: 2003
Marriage in transition: Evidence on age, education, and assets from six developing countries [Arabic] (PDF)
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 183)
Publication date: 2003
Microfinance and households coping with HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe: An exploratory study (PDF)
Barnes,Carolyn; Keogh,Erica; Nemarundwe,Nontokozo; Nyikahadzoi,Loveness; Weiss,Ellen
Horizons Final Report
Publication date: 2003
Offering adolescents safe and appropriate livelihoods and economic skills (PDF)
Meyers,Carey; Sebstad,Jennefer
from Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health: Charting Directions for a Second Generation of Programming-Background Documents for the Meeting, pp. 177-199
Publication date: 2003
Resource allocation and empowerment of women in rural Bangladesh
de la Briere,Benedicte; Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.
from Household Decisions, Gender, and Development: A Synthesis of Recent Research, pp. 89-94
Publication date: 2003
Wage work and marriage: Perspectives of Egyptian working women (PDF)
Amin,Sajeda; Al Bassusi,Nagah Hassan
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 171)
Publication date: 2003
Wage work and marriage: Perspectives of Egyptian working women [Arabic] (PDF)
Amin,Sajeda; Al Bassusi,Nagah Hassan
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 171)
Publication date: 2003
Wage work for girls and the transition to adulthood (PDF)
Amin,Sajeda
from Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health: Charting Directions for a Second Generation of Programming-Background Documents for the Meeting, pp. 201-212
Publication date: 2003
Adolescents and youth in Pakistan 2001-2002: A nationally representative survey [Arabic] (PDF)
Publication date: 2002
Are we not peasants too? Land rights and women's claims in India (PDF)
Agarwal,Bina
SEEDS (no. 21)
Publication date: 2002
Baseline survey results: Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF)
Sebastian,Mary Philip; Huntington,Dale; Clark,Wesley H.; Mensch,Barbara S.; Uttekar,Bela Patel
FRONTIERS Update (no. 2)
Publication date: 2002
Childcare, mothers' work, and earnings: Findings from the urban slums of Guatemala City (PDF)
Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Ruel,Marie T.; de la Briere,Benedicte
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 165)
Publication date: 2002
Childcare, mothers' work, and earnings: Findings from the urban slums of Guatemala City [Arabic] (PDF)
Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Ruel,Marie T.; de la Briere,Benedicte
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 165)
Publication date: 2002
'If many push together, it can be done': Reproductive health and women's savings and credit in Nepal
Arens,Tom; Caudill,Denise; Gautam,Saraswati; Haberland,Nicole; Nakarmi,Gopal; Measham,Diana
from Responding to Cairo: Case Studies of Changing Practice in Reproductive Health and Family Planning, pp. 395-414
Publication date: 2002
Improving adolescents' reproductive health in Bangladesh
Rob,Ubaidur; Bhuiya,Ismat; Rahman,Laila; Yusuf,Nazia
FRONTIERS Research Update (no. 2)
Publication date: 2002
Microfinance and households coping with HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe: An exploratory study (PDF)
Horizons Research Summary
Publication date: 2002
Midline survey results: Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF)
Sebastian,Mary Philip; Huntington,Dale; Mensch,Barbara S.; Clark,Wesley H.; Begum,Shahina; Uttekar,Bela Patel; Roychowdhury,Sohini
FRONTIERS Update (no. 3)
Publication date: 2002
Rural adolescents in Bangladesh, 2001: A report drawn from the baseline survey for the Bangladesh adolescent girls' livelihood Kishori Abhijan project
Amin,Sajeda; Mahmud,Simeen; Huq,Lopita
Publication date: 2002
Skills Training and Beyond: Expanding Livelihood Opportunities for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya
Khan,Arjmand Banu; Leonard,Ann
Publication date: 2002
Assessing the impact of garment work on quality of life measures
Hewett,Paul C.; Amin,Sajeda; Sen,Binayak
from Growth of the Garment Industry in Bangladesh: Economic and Social Dimensions, pp. 145-171
Publication date: 2001
Etude exploratoire du vécu des adolescentes mariées et de leurs besoins en opportunités économiques et en santé de la reproduction à Louga et Saint-Louis [Exploratory study of married adolescent life experiences, their need for economic opportunities, and reproductive health needs on Louga and Saint-Louis]
Diop,Nafissatou J.
Publication date: 2001
Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF)
Huntington,Dale; Sebastian,Mary Philip; Sevlam,Nirmala; Mensch,Barbara S.; Hegazi,Sahar
FRONTIERS Update (no. 1)
Publication date: 2001
Savings/credit group formation and change in contraception (abstract)
Steele,Fiona; Amin,Sajeda; Naved,Ruchira T.
Demography 38(2): 267-282
Publication date: 2001
The effects of migration and work on marriage of female garment workers in Bangladesh (abstract)
Naved,Ruchira T.; Newby,Margaret; Amin,Sajeda
International Journal of Population Geography 7(2): 91-104
Publication date: 2001
Trafficking and human rights in Nepal: Community perceptions and policy and program responses (PDF)
Daly,Celine; Mahendra,Vaishali Sharma; Bhattarai,Pankaja; Langton,Nick; Sanghera,Jyoti; Evans,Catrin; Kapur,Ratna; Dahal,Dill Ram; Crowley,Siobhan
Horizons Research Summary
Publication date: 2001
Women's capabilities and the right to education in Bangladesh (abstract)
Arends-Kuenning,Mary; Amin,Sajeda
International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 15(1): 125-142
Publication date: 2001
Youth Livelihood Opportunities in Egypt (PDF)
El-Kogali,Safaa; Al Bassusi,Nagah Hassan
Publication date: 2001
A participatory evaluation of the life-skills training programme in Myanmar (PDF)
UNICEF; Population Council
Publication date: 2000
Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report on a Workshop (PDF)
Meyers,Carey
Publication date: 2000
Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report on a Workshop [Arabic] (PDF)
Meyers,Carey
Publication date: 2000
Controlling earned income and savings opportunities: A right for all--A revolution for young working women
Bruce,Judith
Global Alliance for Workers and Communities Progress Report 1(3): 6-7
Publication date: 2000
Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan (PDF)
Kawar,Mary
West Asia and North Africa Regional Paper (no. 43)
Publication date: 2000
Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan [Arabic] (PDF)
Kawar,Mary
West Asia and North Africa Regional Paper (no. 43)
Publication date: 2000
Greater investments in children through women's empowerment: A key to demographic change in Pakistan? (PDF)
Durrant,Valerie L.; Sathar,Zeba A.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 137)
Publication date: 2000
Investments in Children's Education and Family-Building Behavior in Pakistan: Findings from Rural NWFP and Punjab
Sathar,Zeba A.; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; ul Haque,Minhaj
Publication date: 2000
Socialization to gender roles and marriage among Egyptian adolescents (PDF)
Mensch,Barbara S.; Ibrahim,Barbara L.; Lee,Susan M.; El-Gibaly,Omaima
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 140)
Publication date: 2000
Women street vendors: The road to recognition (PDF)
Cohen,Monique
SEEDS (no. 20)
Publication date: 2000
Access to the media: A secondary analysis of the study of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour for communication on HIV/AIDS in Myanmar
Gardner,Michelle; Oo,Thazin; Nyung,Myo Zin; Elias,Christopher J.
Publication date: 1999
Does microcredit reach the poor and vulnerable? Evidence from northern Bangladesh
Amin,Sajeda; Ashok,S.Rai; Topa,Giorgio
Working Paper (no. 28)
Publication date: 1999
Investing in the future. Literacy and life skills for girls. RUWSEC, Tamil Nadu
Adolescents in Transition. Programmes and Practices in India
Publication date: 1999
Let a hundred flowers bloom. Education and livelihood programmes for girls. ADITHI, Bihar
Subramanian,Sangeeta
Adolescents in Transition. Programmes and Practices in India
Publication date: 1999
Premarital sex and school dropout in Kenya: Can schools make a difference? (PDF)
Mensch,Barbara S.; Clark,Wesley H.; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 124)
Publication date: 1999
The changing nature of adolescence in the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana (abstract) (PDF)
Mensch,Barbara S.; Bagah,Daniel; Clark,Wesley H.; Binka,Fred N.
Studies in Family Planning 30(2): 95-111
Publication date: 1999
The decline of female circumcision in Egypt: Evidence and interpretation (PDF)
El-Gibaly,Omaima; Ibrahim,Barbara L.; Mensch,Barbara S.; Clark,Wesley H.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 132)
Publication date: 1999
Unfulfilled Promises: Women's Rights in Egypt (PDF)
Guenena,Nemat; Wassef,Nadia
Publication date: 1999
Adolescent livelihoods programmes in India: A preliminary review
Sebstad,Jennefer; Singh,Sagri
Publication date: 1998
Household headship among married women: The roles of economic power, education and convention (abstract)
Biddlecom,Ann E.; Kramarow,Ellen A.
Journal of Family and Economic Issues 19(4): 367-382
Publication date: 1998
The impact of an integrated micro-credit programme on women's empowerment and fertility behavior in rural Bangladesh (PDF)
Steele,Fiona; Amin,Sajeda; Naved,Ruchira T.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 115)
Publication date: 1998
Transition to adulthood of female garment-factory workers in Bangladesh (abstract) (PDF)
Amin,Sajeda; Diamond,Ian; Naved,Ruchira T.; Newby,Margaret
Studies in Family Planning 29(2): 185-200
Publication date: 1998
Women's lives and rapid fertility decline: Some lessons from Bangladesh and Egypt (PDF)
Amin,Sajeda; Lloyd,Cynthia B.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 117)
Publication date: 1998
Work, Health and Contraception from Women's Perspective
Khan,Mohammed Ejaz
Publication date: 1998
Empowering the next generation: Girls of the Maqattam garbage settlement (PDF)
Assaad,Marie; Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 19)
Publication date: 1997
Empowering the next generation: Girls of the Maqattam garbage settlement [Arabic] (PDF)
Assaad,Marie; Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 19)
Publication date: 1997
Transition to adulthood of female factory workers: Some evidence from Bangladesh (PDF)
Amin,Sajeda; Diamond,Ian; Naved,Ruchira T.; Ne,Margaret
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 102)
Publication date: 1997
Out of the shadows: Homebased workers organize for international recognition (PDF)
Jhabvala,Renana; Tate,Jane
SEEDS (no. 18)
Publication date: 1996
The unfinished transition
Population Council Issues Paper (no. 3)
Publication date: 1996
Work patterns in rural Pakistan: Intersections between gender, family, and class
Sathar,Zeba A.; Desai,Sonalde
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 90)
Publication date: 1996
Psychosocial and situational factors in early breastfeeding termination among educated mothers in Bahrain
Horsley,Kathryn
West Asia & North Africa Regional Paper (no. 41)
Publication date: 1995
Supporting women farmers in the green zones of Mozambique (PDF)
Ayisi,Ruth Ansah
SEEDS (no. 17)
Publication date: 1995
The poverty-purdah trap in rural Bangladesh: Implications for women's roles in the family
Amin,Sajeda
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 75)
Publication date: 1995
Early Marriage and Reproduction in Two Egyptian Villages
El Hamamsy,Laila
Occasional Paper
Publication date: 1994
Health and equity: Refocusing on basic needs and livelihood strategies
Desai,Sonalde
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 56)
Publication date: 1993
Self-employment as a means to women's economic self-sufficiency: Women Venture's business development program (PDF)
McKee,Katharine; Gould,Sara; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 15)
Publication date: 1993
Abriendo nuevos zurcos: Apoyando a las agricultoras en el oeste de Zambia
Jiggins,Janice; Maimbo,Paul; Masona,Mary
SEEDS (no. 14)
Publication date: 1992
Breaking new ground: Reaching out to women farmers in western Zambia (PDF)
Jiggins,Janice; Maimbo,Paul; Masona,Mary
SEEDS (no. 14)
Publication date: 1992
El cuidado infantil: Respuestas a las necesidades de madres que trabajan y sus hijos [Child care: Meeting the needs of working mothers and their children]
Arnold,Caroline; Mejia,Jorge; Haregot,Aster; Leonard,Ann; Landers,Cassie
SEEDS (no. 13)
Publication date: 1992
Faire oeuvre de pionnier: Atteindre les femmes agriculteurs en Zambie occidentale
Jiggins,Janice; Maimbo,Paul; Masona,Mary
SEEDS (no. 14)
Publication date: 1992
Maternal employment and changes in family dynamics: The social context of women's work in rural south India
Desai,Sonalde; Jain,Devaki
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 39)
Publication date: 1992
Child care: Meeting the needs of working mothers and their children (PDF)
Arnold,Caroline; Mejia,Jorge; Haregot,Aster; Leonard,Ann; Landers,Cassie
SEEDS (no. 13)
Publication date: 1991
El papel de las mujeres en la conservación de los bosques del Nepal
Molnar,Augusta; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 10)
Publication date: 1991
Women in the informal enterprise: Empowerment or exploitation?
Greenhalgh,Susan
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 33)
Publication date: 1991
Women's employment during pregnancy and after the first birth: Occupational characteristics and work commitment
Desai,Sonalde; Waite,Linda J.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 26)
Publication date: 1991
La conservation des forêts au Népal: Encourager la participation des femmes
Molnar,Augusta
SEEDS (no. 10)
Publication date: 1990
La Construcción Colectiva para las Mujeres (The Women's Construction Collective): Edificando para el futuro
McLeod,Ruth; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 9)
Publication date: 1990
The Muek-lek Women's Dairy Project in Thailand
Rao,Aruna
SEEDS (no. 12)
Publication date: 1990
The Port Sudan Small Scale Enterprise Program (PDF)
Hall,Eve
SEEDS (no. 11)
Publication date: 1988
Forest conservation in Nepal: Encouraging women's participation (PDF)
Molnar,Augusta
SEEDS (no. 10)
Publication date: 1987
The Women's Construction Collective: Building for the future
McLeod,Ruth
SEEDS (no. 9)
Publication date: 1986
Community management of waste recycling: The SIRDO
Schmink,Marianne
SEEDS (no. 8)
Publication date: 1984
Creación de Empleos Distintos de las Artesanías para las Mujeres de Bangladesh
Chen,Marty
SEEDS (no. 7)
Publication date: 1984
Créer des emplois pour les femmes dans des activités de production non-artisanales au Bangladesh
Chen,Marty; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 7)
Publication date: 1984
Developing non-craft employment for women in Bangladesh
Chen,Marty
SEEDS (no. 7)
Publication date: 1984
Les coopératives des vendeuses de marché: Accorder crédit aux femmes
Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 3)
Publication date: 1984
Hanover Street: Un experimento de capacitacion femenina en soladadura y carpinteria
Antrobus,Peggy; Rogers,Barbara
SEEDS (no. 2)
Publication date: 1983
La Coopérative de Markala: Une nouvelle approche des rôles economiques traditionnaux
Daughman,Susan; Thiam,Mariam N'Diaye; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 5)
Publication date: 1983
Les femmes et l'Artisanat: Mythe et réalité
Dhamija,Jasleen
SEEDS (no. 4)
Publication date: 1983
Mujeres y artesanías: Mito y realidad
Dhamija,Jasleen; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 4)
Publication date: 1983
Cooperativas de vendedoras de los mercados: Dan préstamos a las mujeres
Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 3)
Publication date: 1982
Market women's cooperatives: Giving women credit
Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 3)
Publication date: 1982
The Markala Cooperative: A new approach to traditional economic roles
Daughman,Susan; Thiam,Mariam N'Diaye
SEEDS (no. 5)
Publication date: 1982
Women and handicrafts: Myth and reality
Dhamija,Jasleen
SEEDS (no. 4)
Publication date: 1981
Hanover Street: An experiment to train women in welding and carpentry
Antrobus,Peggy; Rogers,Barbara
SEEDS (no. 2)
Publication date: 1980
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