Understanding how HIV is transmitted sexually—how the virus works to enter and infect vaginal, rectal, and oral tissues—is essential to advancing the development of prevention strategies against the virus. These strategies include microbicides, vaccines, and immune therapeutic approaches.
Expanding scientific knowledge
Council researchers at the Center for Biomedical Research in New York City perform studies to understand the mechanism of sexual transmission of HIV—with particular focus on the role of dendritic cells and T cells (among the first cells to encounter HIV after infection)—and to examine ways to prevent HIV spread. Novel strategies are being tested for their ability to activate mucosal dendritic cells in vitro (i.e., in the laboratory) and in vivo (i.e., in living organisms) in order to suppress virus growth while boosting immunity.
Because herpes simplex virus (HSV) increases HIV transmission, researchers also are studying whether HSV-induced changes in dendritic cell (and ultimately T cell) function facilitate enhanced HIV spread across the mucosal surfaces of the body. Studies involve extensive in vitro analyses and in vivo translational studies.
Delineating exactly how dendritic cells drive HIV infection across the body surfaces is critical to advancing preventive strategies, including:
- Council research is exploring how virus capture by and infection of dendritic cells can be limited by candidate microbicides. In addition, Council researchers are testing whether microbicides can prevent the spread of virus from dendritic cells to CD4 T cells. In vitro studies focus specifically on analyzing the use of small molecules to inhibit virus attachment, entry, and fusion for the prevention of dendritic cell–driven infection at the mucosa. In vivo studies currently being carried out are yielding promising proof-of-principle results for the ability of carrageenan-based microbicides to prevent sexual transmission of HIV even in the presence of other sexually transmitted infections.
- Council researchers are looking to identify ways to improve the immunity induced against HIV infection to advance potential dendritic cell–based anti-HIV vaccine strategies. This objective is being tackled through in vitro and in vivo assays to explore how to more effectively activate the dendritic cell system to, in turn, activate innate and adaptive immunity. These stimuli are being examined in vivo for their ability to augment preventive and therapeutic vaccine strategies to block new infections and control existing infections, respectively.
Population Council impact
- In vitro studies at the Council have demonstrated that a dendritic cell–stimulating molecule (polyIC) activates dendritic cells in a way that shuts down HIV replication.
- Council research has shown that small molecule inhibitors impede dendritic cell–driven infection in T cells, while not affecting immune function.
- Council researchers have established an HSV-2-macaque model for testing microbicides.
- Researchers at the Council have reported that Candida yeast can activate dendritic cells in a way that partially reduces their ability to grow HIV, while boosting their ability to drive infection in T cells; and that an inactivated virus vaccine applied to the tonsils partially protected monkeys against rectal infection with SIV.
Future directions
Council researchers will use established dendritic cell and tissue-based systems to test the efficacy and compatibility of HIV attachment and entry inhibitors and their formulations. These experiments, as well as cross-validation with experiments planned in macaques, may identify potential biomarkers of efficacy, safety, and compliance that could facilitate the design of future clinical trials.
Projects
Determining the Safety of Sexual Lubricants (more)
Council scientists have conducted biomedical research to better understand the relative safety of personal lubricants used during sexual intercourse.
(1/2000 - ongoing)
United States
In Vitro and In Vivo Testing of Microbicides (more)
Council research is advancing microbicide strategies to prevent dendritic cell–driven infection of HIV across the body surfaces.
(1/2005 - ongoing)
United States
Nonclinical Laboratory Studies: Microbicide Formulation and Delivery (more)
Population Council laboratory scientists are developing vaginal rings and water-based gels to deliver microbicide formulations.
(1/2004 - ongoing)
United States
Nonclinical Laboratory Studies: PC-1005 Gel (Carrageenan with Added MIV-150 and Zinc Salts) (more)
Council scientists are investigating microbicide gels containing carrageenan, MIV-150, and zinc salts that might block acquisition and transmission of HIV.
(1/2004 - ongoing)
United States
Nonclinical Laboratory Studies: PC-700 Series Gels (Carrageenan with Zinc Salts) (more)
Council researchers are studying microbicide gels containing carrageenan and zinc salts that might block acquisition and transmission of herpes and HIV.
(1/2000 - ongoing)
United States
Nonclinical Laboratory Studies: Vaginal Rings Loaded with MIV-150 (more)
Council scientists are conducting studies of vaginal rings releasing MIV-150 that might provide continuous protection from acquisition and transmission of HIV for at least one month.
(1/2007 - ongoing)
United States
Transmission of Immunodeficiency Viruses: Dendritic Cells and Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses (more)
Understanding how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted during sexual intercourse and how co-pathogens impact HIV spread is a focus of Council research.
(1/2005 - ongoing)
United States
Role of Integrins in HIV/SIV Transmission Across the Cervico-Vaginal Mucosa (more)
Council researchers are studying the earliest stages of vaginal HIV infection in rhesus macaques.
(3/2012 - 3/2017)
United States
A Novel DARPins Strategy for Combating HIV (more)
Council researchers are exploring the use of DARPins to limit HIV replication in vitro and provide the first tests of this novel antiviral strategy in vivo.
(7/2008 - 6/2014)
Switzerland, United States
Facilitating Regulatory Approval of Multipurpose Prevention Technologies for Reproductive Health (more)
The Population Council is playing a central role in the US Agency for International Development’s effort to clarify and inform regulatory pathways for multipurpose prevention technologies.
(10/2010 - 9/2013)
United States
Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Mucosal Immunity (more)
Council researchers are investigating the potential influence of long-term antiretroviral therapy on oral immune function.
(1/2005 - 6/2012)
United States
Resources
Condoms and condiments: Compatibility and safety of personal lubricants and their use in Africa (abstract) (HTML)
Geibel,Scott
Journal of the International AIDS Society 16: 18531-
Publication date: 2013
In search of the optimal delivery method for anti-HIV microbicides: Are intravaginal rings the way forward? (abstract) (HTML)
Derby,Nina R.; Zydowsky,Thomas M.; Robbiani,Melissa
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 11(1): 5-8
Publication date: 2013
Microbicide clinical trial adherence: Insights for introduction (abstract) (PDF)
Woodsong,Cynthia; MacQueen,Kathleen M.; Amico,K.Rivet; Friedland,Barbara A.; Gafos,Mitzy; Mansoor,Leila; Tolley,Elizabeth E.; McCormack,Sheena
Journal of the International AIDS Society 16: 18505-
Publication date: 2013
Simian immunodeficiency virus interactions with macaque dendritic cells (HTML)
Teleshova,Natalia; Derby,Nina R.; Martinelli,Elena; Pugach,Pavel; Calenda,Giulia; Robbiani,Melissa; Wu,Li; Schwartz,Olivier
from "HIV interactions with dendritic cells: Infection and immunity," Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 762, pp. 155-181
Publication date: 2013
"Microbicide research and development," fact sheet (PDF)
Population Council
Publication date: 2012
"The Population Council's HIV and AIDS program," fact sheet (PDF)
Population Council
Publication date: 2012
A single dose of a MIV-150/zinc acetate gel provides 24 h of protection against vaginal simian human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase infection, with more limited protection rectally 8-24 h after gel use (abstract) (HTML)
Kenney,Jessica; Singer,Rachel; Derby,Nina R.; Aravantinou,Meropi; Abraham,Ciby J.; Menon,Radhika; Seidor,Samantha; Zhang,Shimin; Gettie,Agegnehu; Blanchard,James; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Fernandez-Romero,Jose A.; Zydowsky,Thomas M.; Robbiani,Melissa
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 28(11): 1476-1484
Publication date: 2012
Acceptability in microbicide and PrEP trials: Current status and a reconceptualization (abstract) (HTML)
Mensch,Barbara S.; van der Straten,Ariane; Katzen,Lauren L.
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 7(6): 534-541
Publication date: 2012
An intravaginal ring that releases the NNRTI MIV-150 reduces SHIV transmission in macaques (abstract) (HTML)
Singer,Rachel; Mawson,Paul; Derby,Nina R.; Rodriguez,Aixa; Kizima,Larisa; Menon,Radhika; Goldman,Daniel; Kenney,Jessica; Aravantinou,Meropi; Seidor,Samantha; Gettie,Agegnehu; Blanchard,James; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Fernandez-Romero,Jose A.; Robbiani,Melissa; Zydowsky,Thomas M.
Science Translational Medicine 4(150)
Publication date: 2012
Characterization of peripheral and mucosal immune responses in rhesus macaques on long-term tenofovir and emtricitabine combination antiretroviral therapy (abstract) (HTML)
Jasny,Edith; Geer,Suzanne; Frank,Ines; Vagenas,Panagiotis; Aravantinou,Meropi; Salazar,Andres M.; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Gettie,Agegnehu; Blanchard,James L.; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 61(4): 425-435
Publication date: 2012
Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition among women in South Africa (abstract) (HTML)
Morrison,Charles S.; Skoler-Karpoff,Stephanie; Kwok,Cynthia; Chen,Pai-lien; van de Wijgert,Janneke; Gehret-Plagianos,Marlena; Patel,Smruti; Ahmed,Khatija; Ramjee,Gita; Friedland,Barbara A.; Lahteenmaki,Pekka
AIDS 26(4): 497-504
Publication date: 2012
Nonclinical development needs and regulatory requirements for multipurpose prevention technologies: A primer (PDF)
Romano,Joseph W.; Brady,Martha; Manning,Judy
Publication date: 2012
Users' and providers' perspectives on MPTs: What do we know, and what do we need to know? (PDF)
Presentation at Multipurpose Prevention Technologies for Reproductive Health, New Delhi, India, 11-12 December
Brady,Martha
Publication date: 2012
What have we learned from other reproductive health technologies? (PDF)
Presentation at Multipurpose Prevention Technologies for Reproductive Health, New Delhi, India, 11-12 December
Brady,Martha
Publication date: 2012
Zinc acetate/carrageenan gels exhibit potent activity in vivo against high dose HSV-2 vaginal and rectal challenge (abstract) (PDF)
Fernandez-Romero,Jose A.; Abraham,Ciby J.; Rodriguez,Aixa; Kizima,Larisa; Jean-Pierre,Ninochka; Menon,Radhika; Begay,Othell; Seidor,Samantha; Ford,Brian E.; Gil,Pedro I.; Peters,Jennifer; Katz,David; Robbiani,Melissa; Zydowsky,Thomas M.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56(1): 358-368
Publication date: 2012
An antiretroviral/zinc combination gel provides 24 hours of complete protection against vaginal SHIV infection in macaques (abstract) (PDF)
Kenney,Jessica; Aravantinou,Meropi; Singer,Rachel; Hsu,Mayla; Rodriguez,Aixa; Kizima,Larisa; Abraham,Ciby J.; Menon,Radhika; Seidor,Samantha; Chudolij,Anne; Gettie,Agegnehu; Blanchard,James; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Fernandez-Romero,Jose A.; Zydowsky,Thomas M.; Robbiani,Melissa
PLoS ONE 6(1): E15835-
Publication date: 2011
Attachment and fusion inhibitors potently prevent DC-driven infection (abstract) (PDF)
Frank,Ines; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 56(3): 204-212
Publication date: 2011
Day of dialogue on multipurpose prevention technologies: Toward clarity in nomenclature (PDF)
Brady,Martha; McGrory,C.Elizabeth
Meeting notes
Publication date: 2011
Discovery advances knowledge about link between herpes and HIV infection (PDF)
Population Briefs 17(3)
Publication date: 2011
Facilitating regulatory approval of multipurpose prevention technologies for sexual and reproductive health (PDF)
Brady,Martha
Brief
Publication date: 2011
HSV-2 infection of dendritic cells amplifies a highly susceptible HIV-1 cell target (abstract) (PDF)
Martinelli,Elena; Tharinger,Hugo; Frank,Ines; Arthos,James; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Blanchard,James; Gettie,Agegnehu; Robbiani,Melissa
PLoS Pathogens 7(6): e1002109. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002109-
Publication date: 2011
Identification of personal lubricants that can cause rectal epithelial cell damage and enhance HIV-1 replication in vitro (abstract) (HTML)
Begay,Othell; Jean-Pierre,Ninochka; Abraham,Ciby J.; Chudolij,Anne; Seidor,Samantha; Rodriguez,Aixa; Ford,Brian E.; Henderson,Marcus; Katz,David; Zydowsky,Thomas M.; Robbiani,Melissa; Fernandez-Romero,Jose A.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 27(9): 1019-1024
Publication date: 2011
Myeloid dendritic cells in HIV-1 infection (abstract) (HTML)
Derby,Nina R.; Martinelli,Elena; Robbiani,Melissa
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 6(5): 379-384
Publication date: 2011
Some lubricants increase HIV replication and may cause rectal tissue damage (PDF)
Population Briefs 17(2)
Publication date: 2011
What regulatory guidance exists for multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs)? A review of key guidance documents and their applicability to MPTs (PDF)
Brady,Martha; Park,Heeyoung
Publication date: 2011
In vivo binding and retention of CD4-Specific DARPin 57.2 in macaques (abstract) (PDF)
Pugach,Pavel; Krarup,Anders; Gettie,Agegnehu; Kuroda,Marcelo; Blanchard,James; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Trkola,Alexandra; Robbiani,Melissa
PLoS ONE 5(8): e12455 (1)-e12455 (9)
Publication date: 2010
A tonsillar polyICLC/AT-2 SIV therapeutic vaccine maintains low viremia following antiretroviral therapy cessation (abstract) (PDF)
Vagenas,Panagiotis; Aravantinou,Meropi; Williams,Vennansha G.; Jasny,Edith; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Salazar,Andres M.; Blanchard,James; Gettie,Agegnehu; Robbiani,Melissa
PLoS ONE 5(9): e12891 (1)-e12891 (13)
Publication date: 2010
HIV genital shedding and safety of Carraguard use by HIV-infected women: A crossover trial in Thailand (abstract) (HTML)
McLean,Catherine A.; van de Wijgert,Janneke; Jones,Heidi E.; Karon,John M.; McNicoll,Janet M.; Whitehead,Sara J.; Braunstein,Sarah; Achalapong,Jullapong; Chaikummao,Supaporn; Tappero,Jordan W.; Markowitz,Lauri; Kilmarx,Peter H.
AIDS 24(5): 717-722
Publication date: 2010
A macaque model to study vaginal HSV-2/immunodeficiency virus co-infection and the impact of HSV-2 on microbicide efficacy (abstract) (HTML)
Crostarosa,Federica; Aravantinou,Meropi; Akpogheneta,Onome J.; Jasny,Edith; Shaw,Andrew; Kenney,Jessica; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Teitelbaum,Aaron; Hu,Lieyu; Chudolij,Anne; Zydowsky,Thomas M.; Blanchard,James; Gettie,Agegnehu; Robbiani,Melissa
PLoS ONE 4(11): e8060 (1)-e8060 (14)
Publication date: 2009
Acceptability of a Carrageenan-based candidate vaginal microbicide and matching placebo: Findings from a phase II safety trial among women in Chiang Rai, Thailand (abstract) (HTML)
Jones,Heidi E.; Chaikummao,Supaporn; van de Wijgert,Janneke; Friedland,Barbara A.; Manopaiboon,Chomnad; Witwatwongwana,Paisit; Wankrairoj,Mayuree; Chantharojwong,Nartlada; Kilmarx,Peter H.
Journal of Women's Health 18(7): 1003-1010
Publication date: 2009
Double-stranded RNA analog poly(I:C) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus amplification in dendritic cells via type I interferon-mediated activation of APOBEC3G (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Trapp,Susanna; Derby,Nina R.; Singer,Rachel; Shaw,Andrew; Williams,Vennansha G.; Turville,Stuart G.; Bess Jr.,Julian W.; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Virology 83(2): 884-895
Publication date: 2009
Effect of sexual intercourse on the absorption of levonorgestrel after vaginal administration of 0.75 mg in Carraguard® gel: A randomized, cross-over, pharmacokinetic study (abstract) (HTML)
Brache,Vivian; Croxatto,Horacio B.; Kumar,Narender; Sitruk-Ware,Regine; Cochon,Leila; Schiappacasse,Veronica; Sivin,Irving; Munoz,Carla; Maguire,Robin A.; Faundes,Anibal
Contraception 79(2): 150-154
Publication date: 2009
High complication rates challenge the implementation of male circumcision for HIV prevention in Africa (abstract) (HTML)
Kim,Howard H.; Goldstein,Marc
Nature Clinical Practice Urology 6(2): 64-65
Publication date: 2009
Many vaginal microbicide trial participants acknowledged they had misreported sensitive sexual behavior in face-to-face interviews (abstract) (HTML)
Turner,Abigail Norris; de Kock,Alana; Meehan-Ritter,Amy; Blanchard,Kelly; Sebola,Mohlatlego H.; Hoosen,Anwar; Coetzee,Nicol; Ellertson,Charlotte
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 62(7): 759-765
Publication date: 2009
Tonsillar application of AT-2 SIV affords partial protection against rectal challenge with SIVmac239 (abstract) (HTML)
Vagenas,Panagiotis; Williams,Vennansha G.; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Bess Jr.,Julian W.; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Blanchard,James; Gettie,Agegnehu; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 52(4): 433-529
Publication date: 2009
Vaginal microbicide adherence biomarkers should be validated--Authors' reply (HTML)
Skoler-Karpoff,Stephanie; Friedland,Barbara A.; Plagianos,Marlena Gehret; Maguire,Robin A.; Lahteenmaki,Pekka
Lancet 373(9665): 721-722
Publication date: 2009
Candida albicans-induced DC activation reduces HIV amplification by DCs while increasing DC-to-T-cell spread of HIV (abstract) (HTML)
Vachot,Laurence; Williams,Vennansha G.; Bess Jr.,Julian W.; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 48(4): 398-407
Publication date: 2008
A fusion inhibitor prevents spread of immunodeficiency viruses, but not activation of virus-specific T cells, by dendritic cells (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Frank,Ines; Stoessel,Hella; Gettie,Agegnehu; Turville,Stuart G.; Bess Jr.,Julian W.; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Sivin,Irving; Romani,Nikolaus; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Virology 82(11): 5329-5339
Publication date: 2008
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and acceptability of use of Carraguard vaginal gel by heterosexual couples in Thailand (abstract) (HTML)
Kilmarx,Peter H.; Blanchard,Kelly; Chaikummao,Supaporn; Friedland,Barbara A.; Srivirojana,Nucharee; Connolly,Cathy; Witwatwongwana,Paisit; Supawitkul,Somsak; Mock,Philip A.; Chaowanachan,Thanyanan; Tappero,Jordan W.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 35(3): 226-232
Publication date: 2008
CD4-specific Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins are novel potent HIV entry inhibitors with unique characteristics (abstract) (PDF)
Schweizer,Andreas; Rusert,Peter; Berlinger,Livia; Ruprecht,Claudia R.; Mann,Axel; Corthesy,Stephanie; Turville,Stuart G.; Aravantinou,Meropi; Fischer,Marek; Robbiani,Melissa; Amstutz,Patrick; Trkola,Alexandra
PLoS Pathogens 4(7): e1000109-
Publication date: 2008
Consentement éclairé dans les essais de prévention du VIH: Points saillants d'un atelier international [Informed consent in HIV prevention trials: Highlights from an international workshop] (PDF)
Publication date: 2008
Consentimento informado nos ensaios de prevenção do HIV: Pontos altos dum workshop internacional [Informed consent in HIV prevention trials: Highlights from an international workshop] (PDF)
Publication date: 2008
Consentimiento informado en ensayos de prevención del VIH: Aspectos destacados de un taller internacional [Informed consent in HIV prevention trials: Highlights from an international workshop] (PDF)
Publication date: 2008
Differentiating normal from abnormal rates of genital epithelial findings in vaginal microbicide trials (abstract) (HTML)
van de Wijgert,Janneke; Kilmarx,Peter H.; Jones,Heidi E.; Karon,John M.; Chaikummao,Supaporn
Contraception 77(2): 122-129
Publication date: 2008
Efficacy of Carraguard for prevention of HIV infection in women in South Africa: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (abstract) (HTML)
Skoler-Karpoff,Stephanie; Ramjee,Gita; Ahmed,Khatija; Altini,Lydia; Gehret,Marlena; Friedland,Barbara A.; Govender,Sumentheran N.; de Kock,Alana; Cassim,Nazira; Palanee,Thesla; Dozier,Gregory; Maguire,Robin A.; Lahteenmaki,Pekka
Lancet 372(9654): 1977-1987
Publication date: 2008
Feline immunodeficiency virus dendritic cell infection and transfer (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Sprague,Wendy S.; Robbiani,Melissa; Avery,Paul R.; O'Halloran,Kevin P.; Hoover,Edward A.
Journal of General Virology 89(3): 709-715
Publication date: 2008
Idhini fahamishi katika majaribio ya kikliniki ya ukingaji wa virusi vya ukimwi [Informed consent in HIV prevention trials: Highlights from an international workshop] (PDF)
Publication date: 2008
Imvume unolwazi ocwaningweni lokuvimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza [Informed consent in HIV prevention trials: Highlights from an international workshop] (PDF)
Publication date: 2008
Informed consent in HIV prevention trials: Highlights from an international workshop (PDF)
Publication date: 2008
No increase in cervicovaginal proinflammatory cytokines after Carraguard use in a placebo-controlledrandomized clinical trial (abstract) (HTML)
Bollen,Liesbeth J.M.; Blanchard,Kelly; Kilmarx,Peter H.; Chaikummao,Supaporn; Connolly,Cathy; Wasinrapee,Punneporn; Srivirojana,Nucharee; Achalapong,Jullapong; Tappero,Jordan W.; McNicholl,Janet M.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 47(2): 253-257
Publication date: 2008
Prostate-specific antigen in vaginal fluid after exposure to known amounts of semen and after condom use: Comparison of self-collected and nurse-collected samples (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Bahamondes,Luis; Diaz,Juan; Marchi,Nadia Maria; Castro,Sara; Villarroel,Marina; Macaluso,Maurizio
Human Reproduction 23(11): 2444-2451
Publication date: 2008
Carrageenan/MIV-150 (PC-815), a combination microbicide (abstract) (HTML)
Fernandez-Romero,Jose A.; Thorn,Mitchell; Turville,Stuart G.; Titchen,Kanani; Sudol,Kristin M.; Li,Jifan; Miller,Todd; Robbiani,Melissa; Maguire,Robin A.; Buckheit Jr.,Robert W.; Hartman,Tracy L.; Phillips,David M.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 34(1): 9-14
Publication date: 2007
Acceptability of Carraguard, a candidate microbicide and methyl cellulose placebo vaginal gels among HIV-positive women and men in Durban, South Africa (abstract) (PDF)
Ramjee,Gita; Morar,Neetha S.; Braunstein,Sarah; Friedland,Barbara A.; Jones,Heidi E.; van de Wijgert,Janneke
AIDS Research and Therapy 4(20)
Publication date: 2007
Carraguard vaginal gel safety in HIV-positive women and men in South Africa (abstract) (HTML)
van de Wijgert,Janneke; Braunstein,Sarah; Morar,Neetha S.; Jones,Heidi E.; Madurai,Lorna; Evans Strickfaden,Tammy T.; Moodley,Manivasan; Aboobaker,Jamila; Ndlovu,Gugulethu; Ferguson,Taja M.; Friedland,Barbara A.; Hart,Clyde E.; Ramjee,Gita
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 46(5): 538-546
Publication date: 2007
Current concepts of HIV transmission (abstract) (HTML)
Morrow,Gavin; Vachot,Laurence; Vagenas,Panagiotis; Robbiani,Melissa
Current HIV/AIDS Reports 4(1): 29-35
Publication date: 2007
Day of dialogue--Insights and evidence from product introduction: Lessons for microbicides (PDF)
Brady,Martha; McGrory,C.Elizabeth
Publication date: 2007
Determining the feasibility of utilizing the microbicide applicator compliance assay for use in clinical trials (abstract) (HTML)
Wallace,Andrea R.; Teitelbaum,Aaron; Wan,Livia; Mulima,Maria Gloria; Guichard,Laura; Skoler,Stephanie; Vilakazi,Hlengiwe; Mapula,Fridda S.; Rossier,Jasmine; Govender,Sumentheran N.; Lahteenmaki,Pekka; Maguire,Robin A.; Phillips,David M.
Contraception 76(1): 53-56
Publication date: 2007
Effect of a single vaginal administration of levonorgestrel in Carraguard® gel on the ovulatory process: A potential candidate for 'dual protection' emergency contraception (abstract) (HTML)
Brache,Vivian; Croxatto,Horacio B.; Sitruk-Ware,Regine; Maguire,Robin A.; Montero,Juan Carlos; Kumar,Narender; Salvatierra,Ana Maria; Tejada,Ana-Sofia; Cochon,Leila; Forcelledo,Maria Luisa; Lahteenmaki,Pekka; Alvarez,Francisco; Faundes,Anibal
Contraception 76(2): 111-116
Publication date: 2007
Engaging advocates from concept to results: Summary report of the Advocates' Consultation on HIV Prevention Trials: Carraguard and VOICE Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa, 18-19 October 2007 (PDF)
Meeting report
Publication date: 2007
Tests suggest new microbicide will have improved efficacy (PDF)
Population Briefs 13(2)
Publication date: 2007
Acceptability of Carraguard vaginal gel use among Thai couples (abstract) (HTML)
Whitehead,Sara J.; Kilmarx,Peter H.; Blanchard,Kelly; Manopaiboon,Chomnad; Chaikummao,Supaporn; Friedland,Barbara A.; Achalapong,Jullapong; Wankrairoj,Mayuree; Mock,Philip A.; Thanprasertsuk,Sombat; Tappero,Jordan W.
AIDS 20(17): 2141-2148
Publication date: 2006
Challenges in microbicide trial design and implementation (PDF)
van de Wijgert,Janneke; Jones,Heidi E.
Studies in Family Planning 37(2): 123-129
Publication date: 2006
Challenges to microbicide introduction in South Africa (abstract) (HTML)
Orner,Phyllis; Harries,Jane; Cooper,Diane; Moodley,Jennifer; Hoffman,Margaret; Becker,Julie; McGrory,C.Elizabeth; Dabash,Rasha; Bracken,Hillary J.
Social Science and Medicine 63(4): 968-978
Publication date: 2006
CpG-C ISS-ODN activation of blood-derived B cells from healthy and chronic immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Teleshova,Natalia; Kenney,Jessica; Williams,Vennansha G.; Van Nest,Gary; Marshall,Jason; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Sivin,Irving; Dufour,Jason; Bohm,Rudolf; Gettie,Agegnehu; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Leukocyte Biology 79(2): 257-267
Publication date: 2006
Dendritic cells and HIV infection: Activating dendritic cells to boost immunity (abstract) (HTML)
Teleshova,Natalia; Kenney,Jessica; Robbiani,Melissa
Advances in Dental Research 19(1): 36-41
Publication date: 2006
Informed Consent in HIV Prevention Trials: Report of an International Workshop (PDF)
McGrory,C.Elizabeth; Friedland,Barbara A.; Woodsong,Cynthia; MacQueen,Kathleen M.
Publication date: 2006
Local and systemic effects of intranodally injected CpG-C immunostimulatory-oligodeoxyribonucleotides in macaques (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Teleshova,Natalia; Kenney,Jessica; Van Nest,Gary; Marshall,Jason; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Sivin,Irving; Dufour,Jason; Bohm,Rudolf; Gettie,Agegnehu; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Immunology 177(12): 8531-8541
Publication date: 2006
Lymphocyte-dendritic cell interactions and mucosal acquisition of SIV/HIV infection (abstract) (HTML)
Turville,Stuart G.; Peretti,Silvia; Pope,Melissa
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 1(1): 3-9
Publication date: 2006
Our current microbicide trials: Lessons learned and to be learned (PDF)
Skoler,Stephanie; Peterson,Leigh; Cates,Ward
The Microbicide Quarterly 4(1): 1-6
Publication date: 2006
Phase 3 study of the efficacy and safety of the microbicide Carraguard in preventing HIV seroconversion in women (Population Council Protocol 322): Summary (PDF)
Population Council
Publication date: 2006
Phase 3 study of the efficacy and safety of the microbicide Carraguard in preventing HIV seroconversion in women: Protocol synopsis (PDF)
Population Council
Publication date: 2006
Safety and acceptability of the candidate microbicide Carraguard in Thai women: Findings from a Phase II clinical trial (abstract) (HTML)
Kilmarx,Peter H.; van de Wijgert,Janneke; Chaikummao,Supaporn; Jones,Heidi E.; Limpakarnjanarat,Kanchit; Friedland,Barbara A.; Karon,John M.; Manopaiboon,Chomnad; Srivirojana,Nucharee; Yanpaisarn,Somboonsak; Supawitkul,Somsak; Young,Nancy L.; Mock,Philip A.; Blanchard,Kelly; Mastro,Timothy D.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 43(3): 327-334
Publication date: 2006
Slamming the door on unwanted guests: Why preemptive strikes at the mucosa may be the best strategy against HIV (abstract) (PDF)
Trapp,Susanna; Turville,Stuart G.; Robbiani,Melissa
Journal of Leukocyte Biology 80(5): 1076-1083
Publication date: 2006
Sleeping with the enemy: The insidious relationship between dendritic cells and immunodeficiency viruses
Vachot,Laurence; Turville,Stuart G.; Trapp,Susanna; Peretti,Silvia; Morrow,Gavin; Frank,Ines; Pope,Melissa; Lutz,Manfred B.; Romani,Nikolaus; Steinkasserer,Alexander
from Handbook of Dendritic Cells: Biology, Diseases and Therapies, pp. 773-797
Publication date: 2006
Culture and comparison of feline myeloid dendritic cells vs. macrophages (abstract) (HTML)
Sprague,Wendy S.; Pope,Melissa; Hoover,Edward A.
Journal of Comparative Pathology 133(2-3): 136-145
Publication date: 2005
Elimination of retroviral infectivity by N-ethylmaleimide with preservation of functional envelope glycoproteins (abstract) (HTML)
Morcock,David R.; Thomas,James A.; Gagliardi,Tracy D.; Gorelick,Robert J.; Roser,J.David; Chertova,Elena N.; Bess Jr.,Julian W.; Ott,David E.; Sattentau,Quentin J.; Frank,Ines; Pope,Melissa; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Henderson,Louis E.; Crise,Bruce J.
Journal of Virology 79(3): 1533-1542
Publication date: 2005
Immunomodulatory effects of HSV-2 infection on immature macaque dendritic cells modify innate and adaptive responses (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Peretti,Silvia; Shaw,Andrew; Blanchard,James; Bohm,Rudolf; Morrow,Gavin; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Gettie,Agegnehu; Pope,Melissa
Blood 106(4): 1305-1313
Publication date: 2005
Investigating the immune system's response to HIV (PDF)
Population Council Annual Report 2004
Publication date: 2005
Microbicides: Developing and testing a gel to prevent HIV transmission (PDF)
Population Council Annual Report 2004
Publication date: 2005
Microbicides: Developing and testing a gel to prevent HIV transmission [Arabic] (PDF)
Population Council Annual Report 2004
Publication date: 2005
Phase III microbicide trial methodology: Opinions of experienced expanded safety trial participants in South Africa (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
van de Wijgert,Janneke; Jones,Heidi E.; Pistorius,Annalie; de Kock,Alana; Sebola,Mohlatlego H.; Friedland,Barbara A.; Hoosen,Anwar; Coetzee,Nicol
Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 2(3): 311-319
Publication date: 2005
Preferences and practices related to vaginal lubrication: Implications for microbicide acceptability and clinical testing (abstract) (HTML)
Braunstein,Sarah; van de Wijgert,Janneke
Journal of Women's Health 14(5): 424-433
Publication date: 2005
Blockade of attachment and fusion receptors inhibits HIV-1 infection of human cervical tissue (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Hu,Qinxue; Frank,Ines; Williams,Vennansha G.; Santos,John J.; Watts,Patricia; Griffin,George E.; Moore,John P.; Pope,Melissa; Shattock,Robin J.
Journal of Experimental Medicine 199(8): 1065-1075
Publication date: 2004
Carraguard may block HIV by adhering to cells (PDF)
Population Briefs 10(1)
Publication date: 2004
Combating HIV on multiple fronts (PDF)
Population Briefs 10(2)
Publication date: 2004
Combating HIV on multiple fronts [Arabic] (PDF)
Population Briefs 10(2)
Publication date: 2004
CpG-C ISS-ODN activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in rhesus macaques to augment the activation of IFN-γ-secreting SIV-specific T cells (abstract) (HTML)
Teleshova,Natalia; Kenney,Jessica; Jones,Jennifer; Marshall,Jason; Van Nest,Gary; Dufour,Jason; Bohm,Rudolf; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Gettie,Agegnehu; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Immunology 173(3): 1647-1657
Publication date: 2004
Early dendritic cell-driven events governing the mucosal transmission of HIV: Targets for vaccines and microbicides (HTML)
Pope,Melissa
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Report 8(2): 1-5
Publication date: 2004
Immunodeficiency virus uptake, turnover, and 2-phase transfer in human dendritic cells (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Turville,Stuart G.; Santos,John J.; Frank,Ines; Cameron,Paul U.; Wilkinson,John; Miranda-Saksena,Monica; Dable,Joanne; Stoessel,Hella; Romani,Nikolaus; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Pope,Melissa; Cunningham,Anthony L.
Blood 103(6): 2170-2179
Publication date: 2004
Induction of neutralising antibodies restricts the use of human granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor for vaccine studies in rhesus macaques (abstract) (HTML)
Eisenblatter,Martin; Stahl-Hennig,Christiane; Kuate,Seraphin; Stolte,Nicole; Jasny,Edith; Hahn,Helmut; Pope,Melissa; Tenner-Racz,Klara; Racz,Paul; Steinman,Ralph M.; Uberla,Klaus; Ignatius,Ralf
Vaccine 22(25-26): 3295-3302
Publication date: 2004
Macaque dendritic cells infected with SIV-recombinant canarypox ex vivo induce SIV-specific immune responses in vivo (abstract) (HTML)
Villamide-Herrera,Loreley; Ignatius,Ralf; Eller,Michael A.; Wilkinson,Kelly; Griffin,Catherine; Mehlhop,Erin; Jones,Jennifer; Han,Seol-Young; Lewis,Mark G.; Parrish,Stephanie; VanCott,Tom C.; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Schlesinger,Sarah; Mascola,John R.; Pope,Melissa
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 20(8): 871-884
Publication date: 2004
Microbicide trials for preventing HIV/AIDS in South Africa: Phase II trial participants' experiences and psychological needs (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Pistorius,Annalie; van de Wijgert,Janneke; Sebola,Mohlatlego H.; Friedland,Barbara A.; Nagel,Evelyn; Bokaba,Cathleen; Hoosen,Anwar
Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 1(2): 78-86
Publication date: 2004
Paving the Path: Preparing for Microbicide Introduction-Report of a Qualitative Study in South Africa (PDF)
Becker,Julie; Dabash,Rasha; McGrory,C.Elizabeth; Cooper,Diane; Harries,Jane; Hoffman,Margaret; Moodley,Jennifer; Orner,Phyllis; Bracken,Hillary J.
Publication date: 2004
Paving the Path: Preparing for Microbicide Introduction--Report of a Qualitative Study in South Africa [Executive Summary] (PDF)
Becker,Julie; Dabash,Rasha; McGrory,C.Elizabeth; Cooper,Diane; Harries,Jane; Hoffman,Margaret; Moodley,Jennifer; Orner,Phyllis; Bracken,Hillary J.
Publication date: 2004
Relative safety of sexual lubricants for rectal intercourse (abstract) (HTML)
Sudol,Kristin M.; Phillips,David M.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 31(6): 346-349
Publication date: 2004
Short-term Flt3L treatment effectively mobilizes functional macaque dendritic cells (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Teleshova,Natalia; Jones,Jennifer; Kenney,Jessica; Purcell,Jeanette; Bohm,Rudolf; Gettie,Agegnehu; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Leukocyte Biology 75(6): 1102-1110
Publication date: 2004
Testing Carraguard: What you need to know (PDF)
Clacherty,Glynis; Friedland,Barbara A.; de Kock,Alana; Marumo,Mabitso
Publication date: 2004
Nefarious abuse (abstract) (HTML)
Pope,Melissa
Nature Immunology 4
(8): 729-730
Publication date: 2003
Carrageenan formulation prevents macrophage trafficking from vagina: Implications for microbicide development (abstract) (PDF)
Perotti,Maria-Elisa; Pirovano,Alessia; Phillips,David M.
Biology of Reproduction 69(3): 933-939
Publication date: 2003
Cultural norms and behavior regarding vaginal lubrication during sex: Implications for the acceptability of vaginal microbicides for the prevention of HIV/STIs (PDF)
Braunstein,Sarah; van de Wijgert,Janneke
Robert H. Ebert Program on Critical Issues in Reproductive Health Publication Series
Publication date: 2003
Dendritic cells as a conduit to improve HIV vaccines (abstract) (HTML)
Pope,Melissa
Current Molecular Medicine 3(3): 229-242
Publication date: 2003
Entry inhibitors SCH-C, RANTES, and T-20 block HIV type 1 replication in multiple cell types (abstract) (HTML)
Ketas,Thomas J.; Klasse,Per Johan; Spenlehauer,Catherine; Nesin,Mirjana; Frank,Ines; Pope,Melissa; Strizki,Julie M.; Reyes,Gregory R.; Baroudy,Bahige M.; Moore,John P.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 19(3): 177-186
Publication date: 2003
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 attachment, coreceptor, and fusion inhibitors are active against both direct and trans infection of primary cells (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Ketas,Thomas J.; Frank,Ines; Klasse,Per Johan; Sullivan,Brian M.; Gardener,Jason P.; Spenlehauer,Catherine; Nesin,Mirjana; Olson,William C.; Moore,John P.; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Virology 77(4): 2762-2767
Publication date: 2003
Immunodeficiency virus exploitation of dendritic cells in the early steps of infection (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Teleshova,Natalia; Frank,Ines; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Leukocyte Biology 74(5): 683-690
Publication date: 2003
Presentation of exogenous whole inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus by mature dendritic cells induces CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses (abstract) (HTML)
Frank,Ines; Santos,John J.; Mehlhop,Erin; Villamide-Herrera,Loreley; Santisteban,Christine; Gettie,Agegnehu; Ignatius,Ralf; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 34(1): 7-19
Publication date: 2003
Prevention of virus transmission to macaque monkeys by a vaginally applied monoclonal antibody to HIV-1 gp120 (abstract) (HTML)
Veazey,Ronald S.; Shattock,Robin J.; Pope,Melissa; Kirijan,J.Christian; Jones,Jennifer; Hu,Qinxue; Ketas,Thomas J.; Marx,Preston A.; Klasse,Per Johan; Burton,Dennis R.; Moore,John P.
Nature Medicine 9(3): 343-346
Publication date: 2003
The interaction of immunodeficiency viruses with dendritic cells
Steinman,Ralph M.; Granelli-Piperno,Angela; Pope,Melissa; Trumpfheller,Christine; Ignatius,Ralf; Arrode,Geraldine; Racz,Paul; Tenner-Racz,Klara; Steinkasserer,Alexander
from Dendritic Cells and Virus Infection, vol. 276, pp. 1-30
Publication date: 2003
Transmission, acute HIV-1 infection and the quest for strategies to prevent infection (abstract) (HTML)
Pope,Melissa; Haase,Ashley T.
Nature Medicine 9(7): 847-852
Publication date: 2003
Vaginal application of anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody b12 prevents SHIV162P vaginal transmission in macaques
Veazey,Ronald S.; Klasse,Per Johan; Shattock,Robin J.; Pope,Melissa; Kirijan,J.Christian; Jones,Jennifer; Ketas,Thomas J.; Marx,Preston A.; Burton,Dennis R.; Moore,John P.; Vicari,Marissa; Dodet,Betty; Girard,Marc
from Proceedings of XIII Colloque des "Cent Gardes", pp. 51-57
Publication date: 2003
Endogenously expressed nef uncouples cytokine and chemokine production from membrane phenotypic maturation in dendritic cells (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Messmer,Davorka; Jacque,Jean-Marc; Santisteban,Christine; Bristow,Cynthia L.; Han,Seol-Young; Villamide-Herrera,Loreley; Mehlhop,Erin; Marx,Preston A.; Steinman,Ralph M.; Gettie,Agegnehu; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Immunology 169(8): 4172-4182
Publication date: 2002
Enhanced in vitro stimulation of rhesus macaque dendritic cells for activation of SIV-specific T cell responses (abstract) (HTML)
Mehlhop,Erin; Villamide-Herrera,Loreley; Frank,Ines; Gettie,Agegnehu; Santisteban,Christine; Messmer,Davorka; Ignatius,Ralf; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Immunological Methods 260(1-2): 219-234
Publication date: 2002
Exploiting dendritic cells to improve vaccine efficacy (HTML)
Steinman,Ralph M.; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Clinical Investigation 109(12): 1519-1526
Publication date: 2002
Expression of a functional eotaxin (CC chemokine ligand 11) receptor CCR3 by human dendritic cells (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Beaulieu,Sylvie; Robbiani,Davide F.; Du,Xixuan; Rodrigues,Elaine; Ignatius,Ralf; Wei,Yang; Ponath,Paul; Young,James W.; Pope,Melissa; Steinman,Ralph M.; Mojsov,Svetlana
Journal of Immunology 169(6): 2925-2936
Publication date: 2002
Female condoms and microbicides
Esu-Williams,Eka; Blanchard,Kelly; Essex,Max; Mboup,Souleymane; Kanki,Phyllis J.; Marlink,Richard G.; Tlou,Sheila D.
from AIDS in Africa, pp. 506-513
Publication date: 2002
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef mediates activation of STAT3 in immature dendritic cells (abstract) (HTML)
Messmer,Davorka; Bromberg,Jacqueline F.; Devgan,Geeta; Jacque,Jean-Marc; Granelli-Piperno,Angela; Pope,Melissa
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 18(14): 1043-1050
Publication date: 2002
Increased macrophage infection upon subcutaneous inoculation of rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus-loaded dendritic cells or T cells but not with cell-free virus (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Ignatius,Ralf; Tenner-Racz,Klara; Messmer,Davorka; Gettie,Agegnehu; Blanchard,James; Luckay,Amara; Russo,Christine; Smith,Stephen; Marx,Preston A.; Steinman,Ralph M.; Racz,Paul; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Virology 76(19): 9787-9797
Publication date: 2002
Infectious and whole inactivated simian immunodeficiency viruses interact similarly with primate dendritic cells (DCs): Differential intracellular fate of virions in mature and immature DCs (abstract) (PDF)
Frank,Ines; Piatak Jr.,Michael; Stoessel,Hella; Romani,Nikolaus; Bonnyay,David; Lifson,Jeffrey D.; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Virology 76(6): 2936-2951
Publication date: 2002
Informed consent: From good intentions to sound practices--A report of a seminar (PDF)
Wood,Susan Y.; Friedland,Barbara A.; McGrory,C.Elizabeth
Robert H. Ebert Program on Critical Issues in Reproductive Health Publication Series
Publication date: 2002
Microbicides to prevent heterosexual transmission of HIV: Ten years down the road (HTML)
van de Wijgert,Janneke; Coggins,Christiana
Bulletin of Experimental Treatments for AIDS 15(2): 23-28
Publication date: 2002
Motivations for and barriers to study participation (PDF)
Population Briefs 8(1)
Publication date: 2002
Non-HIV STIs and the epidemiology of success
Blanchard,Kelly; Elias,Christopher J.
from The Science of Microbicides: Accelerating Development, report of the Science Working Group of the Microbicide Initiative, pp. 47-51
Publication date: 2002
Nonoxynol-9 rapidly exfoliates rectal epithelium (PDF)
Population Briefs, Spring 2002 (HIV/AIDS edition)
Publication date: 2002
Rhesus macaque dendritic cells efficiently transmit primate lentiviruses independently of DC-SIGN (abstract) (PDF)
Wu,Li; Bashirova,Arman A.; Martin,Thomas D.; Villamide-Herrera,Loreley; Mehlhop,Erin; Chertov,Andrei O.; Unutmaz,Derya; Pope,Melissa; Carrington,Mary; KewalRamani,Vineet N.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99(3): 1568-1573
Publication date: 2002
Role of dendritic cells in HIV infection clarified (PDF)
Population Briefs, Spring 2002 (HIV/AIDS edition)
Publication date: 2002
The enigma of dendritic cell-immunodeficiency virus interplay (abstract) (HTML)
Frank,Ines; Pope,Melissa
Current Molecular Medicine 2(3): 229-248
Publication date: 2002
Toward the development of a microbicide (PDF)
Population Briefs, Spring 2002 (HIV/AIDS edition)
Publication date: 2002
What factors affect the prevalence of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa? (PDF)
Population Briefs 8(1)
Publication date: 2002
Acceptability and feasibility of Micralax applicators and of methyl cellulose gel placebo for large-scale clinical trials of vaginal microbicides (abstract) (PDF)
Coetzee,Nicol; Blanchard,Kelly; Ellertson,Charlotte; Hoosen,Anwar; Friedland,Barbara A.
AIDS 15(14): 1837-1842
Publication date: 2001
Acceptability research on female-controlled barrier methods to prevent heterosexual transmission of HIV: Where have we been? Where are we going? (abstract) (HTML)
Elias,Christopher J.; Coggins,Christiana
Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine 10(2): 163-173
Publication date: 2001
Condom use and its association with HIV/sexually transmitted diseases in four urban communities of sub-Saharan Africa (abstract) (PDF)
Lagarde,E.; Auvert,Bertran; Chege,Jane; Sukwa,T.; Glynn,J.R.; Weiss,Helen A.; Akam,E.; Laourou,M.; Carael,Michel; Buve,Anne
AIDS 15(suppl 4): S71-S78
Publication date: 2001
Dendritic cells during infection with HIV-1 and SIV
Ignatius,Ralf; Steinman,Ralph M.; Granelli-Piperno,Angela; Messmer,Davorka; Stahl-Hennig,Christiane; Tenner-Racz,Klara; Racz,Paul; Frank,Ines; Zhong,Lei; Schlesinger-Frankel,Sarah; Pope,Melissa; Lotze,Michael T.; Thomson,Angus W.
from Dendritic Cells, pp. 487-504
Publication date: 2001
Diverse realities: Understanding sexually transmitted infections and HIV in India (PDF)
Hawkes,Sarah; Santhya,K.G.
South & East Asia Regional Working Paper (no. 15)
Publication date: 2001
HIV infection among youth in a South African mining town is associated with herpes simplex virus-2 seropositivity and sexual behaviour (abstract) (HTML)
Auvert,Bertran; Ballard,Ron; Campbell,Catherine; Carael,Michel; Carton,Matthieu; Fehler,Glenda; Gouws,Eleanor; MacPhail,Catherine; Taljaard,Dirk; van Dam,C.Johannes; Williams,Brian G.
AIDS 15(7): 885-898
Publication date: 2001
Phase 1 trial of the topical microbicide BufferGel: Safety results from four international sites (abstract) (HTML)
van de Wijgert,Janneke; Fullem,Andrew; Kelly,Clifton A.; Mehendale,Sajay; Rugpao,Sungwal; Kumwenda,Newton; Chirenje,Zvavahera M.; Joshi,Mita; Taha,Taha; Padian,Nancy F.; Bollinger,Robert; Nelson,Kenrad
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 26(1): 21-27
Publication date: 2001
Recommendations for the clinical development of topical microbicides: An update (abstract) (PDF)
Mauck,Christine; Rosenberg,Zeda; Van Damme,Lut; van Dam,C.Johannes
AIDS 15(7): 857-868
Publication date: 2001
Slow human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity correlated with low HIV coreceptor levels (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Bristow,Cynthia L.
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8(5): 932-936
Publication date: 2001
The case for microbicides: A global priority. Second edition (PDF)
Attawell,Kathy
Publication date: 2001
The interrelation of HIV, cervical human papillomavirus, and neoplasia among antenatal clinic attenders in Tanzania (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Mayaud,Philippe; Gill,Dilbinder K.; Weiss,Helen A.; Uledi,Evelyn; Kopwe,Lilian; Todd,James; ka-Gina,Gina; Grosskurth,Heiner; Hayes,Richard; Mabey,David; Lacey,Charles J.
Sexually Transmitted Infections 77(4): 248-254
Publication date: 2001
Women's willingness to participate in microbicide trials in northern Thailand (abstract) (HTML)
Kanokwan,Tharawan; Manopaiboon,Chomnad; Ellertson,Charlotte; Limpakarnjanarat,Kanchit; Chaikummao,Supaporn; Kilmarx,Peter H.; Blanchard,Kelly; Coggins,Christiana; Mastro,Timothy D.; Elias,Christopher J.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 28(2): 180-186
Publication date: 2001
Men's attitudes toward vaginal product use: Farmers and taxi drivers in Mexico
Coggins,Christiana; Madrigal,Mauricio Ramos; Llamas,Alicia
Publication date: 2000
Men's attitudes towards a potential vaginal microbicide in Zimbabwe, Mexico and the USA (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Coggins,Christiana; Blanchard,Kelly; Friedland,Barbara A.
Reproductive Health Matters 8(15): 132-141
Publication date: 2000
Nonoxynol-9 causes rapid exfoliation of sheets of rectal epithelium (abstract) (HTML)
Phillips,David M.; Taylor,Clark L.; Zacharopoulos,Vanaja R.; Maguire,Robin A.
Contraception 62(3): 149-154
Publication date: 2000
Predominance of subtype A and G HIV type 1 in Nigeria, with geographical differences in their distribution (abstract) (HTML)
Peeters,Martine; Esu-Williams,Eka; Vergne,Laurence; Montavon,Celine; Mulanga-Kabeya,Claire; Harry,Takena; Ibironke,Akinsete; Lesage,Denis; Patrel,Delphine; Delaporte,Eric
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 16(4): 315-325
Publication date: 2000
Preliminary safety and acceptability of a carrageenan gel for possible use as a vaginal microbicide (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Coggins,Christiana; Blanchard,Kelly; Alvarez,Francisco; Brache,Vivian; Weisberg,Edith; Kilmarx,Peter H.; Lacarra,Maria; Massai,Rebeca; Mishell,Daniel R.,Jr.; Salvatierra,Ana Maria; Witwatwongwana,Paisit; Elias,Christopher J.; Ellertson,Charlotte
Sexually Transmitted Infections 76(6): 480-483
Publication date: 2000
The decreased replicative capacity of SIVmac239delta nef is manifest in cultures of immature dendritic cells and T cells (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
Messmer,Davorka; Ignatius,Ralf; Santisteban,Christine; Steinman,Ralph M.; Pope,Melissa
Journal of Virology 74(5): 2406-2413
Publication date: 2000
Informing Research on HIV Prevention: A Consultation (PDF)
Fonn,Sharon; McGrory,C.Elizabeth
Publication date: 1999
Pushing the frontiers of science-the Population Council's Microbicide Basic Science Network on vaginal microbicide research (abstract) (HTML)
Johansson,Elof D.B.; Maguire,Robin A.; Phillips,David M.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 67(suppl 2): 117-124
Publication date: 1999
The identification of a complex A/G/I/J recombinant HIV type 1 virus in various West African countries (abstract) (HTML)
Montavon,Celine; Bibollet-Ruche,Frederic; Robertson,David; Koumare,Brahim; Mulanga-Kabeya,Claire; Esu-Williams,Eka; Toure,Coumba; Mboup,Souleymane; Saman,Eric; Delaporte,Eric; Peeters,Martine
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 15(18): 1707-1712
Publication date: 1999
A study of women's preferences regarding the formulation of over-the-counter vaginal spermicides (PDF)
Coggins,Christiana; Elias,Christopher J.; Atisook,Ronachai; Bassett,Mary T.; Ettiegne-Traore,Virginie; Ghys,Peter D.; Jenkins-Woelk,Laura; Thongkrajai,Earmporn; VanDevanter,Nancy L.
Robert H. Ebert Program on Critical Issues in Reproductive Health Publication Series
Publication date: 1998
Ethical challenges in efficacy of vaginal microbicides for HIV prevention (abstract) (PDF) (HTML)
De Zoysa,Isabelle; Elias,Christopher J.; Bentley,Margaret E.
American Journal of Public Health 88(4): 571-575
Publication date: 1998
Practical and ethical dilemmas in the clinical testing of microbicides: A report on a symposium
Heise,Lori L.; McGrory,C.Elizabeth; Wood,Susan Y.
Publication date: 1998
Partnership for prevention: A report of a meeting between women's health advocates, program planners, and scientists (PDF)
Robert H. Ebert Program on Critical Issues in Reproductive Health Publication Series
Publication date: 1994
Towards developing a vaginal formulation which will prevent infection by human immunodeficiency virus
Phillips,David M.; Tan,Xin; Pearce-Pratt,Rachael; Zacharopoulos,Vanaja R.; Gillet,J-Y; Bongain,A.
from 2nd International Symposium on AIDS and Reproduction, pp. 229-238
Publication date: 1994
The development of microbicides: A new method of HIV prevention for women (PDF)
Elias,Christopher J.; Heise,Lori L.
Programs Division Working Paper (no. 6)
Publication date: 1993
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